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Security printing of covert quick response codes using upconverting nanoparticle inks

机译：使用上转换纳米粒子墨水对秘密快速响应代码进行安全打印

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Counterfeiting costs governments and private industries billions of dollars annually due to loss of value in currency and other printed items. This research involves using lanthanide doped β-NaYF_4 nanoparticles for security printing applications. Inks comprised of Yb ~(3+)/Er ~(3+) and Yb ~(3+)/Tm ~(3+) doped β-NaYF_4 nanoparticles with oleic acid as the capping agent in toluene and methyl benzoate with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the binding agent were used to print quick response (QR) codes. The QR codes were made using an AutoCAD file and printed with Optomec direct-write aerosol jetting ?. The printed QR codes are invisible under ambient lighting conditions, but are readable using a near-IR laser, and were successfully scanned using a smart phone. This research demonstrates that QR codes, which have been used primarily for information sharing applications, can also be used for security purposes. Higher levels of security were achieved by printing both green and blue upconverting inks, based on combinations of Er ~(3+)/Yb ~(3+) and Tm ~(3+)/Yb ~(3+), respectively, in a single QR code. The near-infrared (NIR)-to-visible upconversion luminescence properties of the two-ink QR codes were analyzed, including the influence of NIR excitation power density on perceived color, in term of the CIE 1931 chromaticity index. It was also shown that this security ink can be optimized for line width, thickness and stability on different substrates.
机译：由于货币和其他印刷品的价值损失，假冒每年使政府和私营企业损失数十亿美元。这项研究涉及将镧系元素掺杂的β-NaYF_4纳米粒子用于安全印刷应用。由Yb〜（3 +）/ Er〜（3+）和Yb〜（3 +）/ Tm〜（3+）掺杂的β-NaYF_4纳米粒子组成的油墨，其中油酸作为甲苯的封端剂，苯甲酸甲酯与聚（使用甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）作为粘合剂来打印快速响应（QR）代码。 QR代码是使用AutoCAD文件制作的，并使用Optomec直写式气溶胶喷射器？打印。所打印的QR码在环境照明条件下不可见，但可以使用近红外激光读取，并已使用智能手机成功扫描。这项研究表明，主要用于信息共享应用程序的QR码也可以用于安全目的。通过分别基于Er〜（3 +）/ Yb〜（3+）和Tm〜（3 +）/ Yb〜（3+）的组合印刷绿色和蓝色上转换油墨，可以实现更高的安全性。单个QR码。根据CIE 1931色度指数，分析了两种墨水QR码的近红外（NIR）到可见光的向上转换发光特性，包括NIR激发功率密度对感知颜色的影响。还显示该安全油墨可以针对不同基材上的线宽，厚度和稳定性进行优化。

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