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Piezoelectric properties of zinc oxide nanowires: An ab initio study

机译:氧化锌纳米线的压电特性:从头算研究

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Nanowires made of materials with non-centrosymmetric crystal structures are expected to be ideal building blocks for self-powered nanodevices due to their piezoelectric properties, yet a controversial explanation of the effective operational mechanisms and size effects still delays their real exploitation. To solve this controversy, we propose a methodology based on DFT calculations of the response of nanostructures to external deformations that allows us to distinguish between the different (bulk and surface) contributions: we apply this scheme to evaluate the piezoelectric properties of ZnO [0001] nanowires, with a diameter up to 2.3 nm. Our results reveal that, while surface and confinement effects are negligible, effective strain energies, and thus the nanowire mechanical response, are dependent on size. Our unified approach allows for a proper definition of piezoelectric coefficients for nanostructures, and explains in a rigorous way the reason why nanowires are found to be more sensitive to mechanical deformation than the corresponding bulk material.
机译:由于具有压电特性,由具有非中心对称晶体结构的材料制成的纳米线有望成为自供电纳米设备的理想构建基块,但对有效操作机制和尺寸影响的有争议的解释仍会延迟其实际开发。为解决这一争议,我们提出了一种基于DFT计算的纳米结构对外部变形响应的方法,该方法可以区分不同的(本体和表面)贡献:我们将该方案用于评估ZnO的压电特性[0001]直径最大为2.3 nm的纳米线。我们的结果表明,尽管表面和约束效应可以忽略不计,但有效应变能以及纳米线的机械响应取决于尺寸。我们的统一方法可以为纳米结构正确定义压电系数,并以严格的方式解释了为什么发现纳米线比相应的块状材料对机械变形更敏感的原因。

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