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Facet-controlled anatase TiO2 nanoparticles through various fluorine sources for superior photocatalytic activity

机译：通过多种氟源进行面控制的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米颗粒，具有优异的光催化活性

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Reactive surface-exposed anatase TiO2 (a-TiO2) is highly desirable for. applications requiring superior photocatalytic activity. In order to obtain a favorable surface, morphology control of the a-TiO2 using capping agents has been widely investigated. Herein, we systematically study the effects of different F sources (HF, TiF4, and NH4F) as the capping agent on the morphology control and photocatalytic activities of a-TiO2 in a hydrothermal process. When either HF or TiF4 was added, large truncated bipyramids formed with the photocatalytically active {001} facet, whereas the NH4F was not effective for facet control, yielding nanospheres similar to the pure a-TiO2. The morphology changes were related to the decomposition behaviors of the F sources in the solvent material: HF and TiF4 decomposed and supplied F- ions before a-TiO2 nucleation, which changed the nucleation rate and growth direction, leading to the resultant a-TiO2 morphology. On the other hand, NH4F supplied F- ions after a-TiO2 nucleation and could not change the growth behavior. In terms of the photocatalytic effect, the HF- and TiF4-treated a-TiO2 effectively decomposed similar to 90% and similar to 80% of methylene blue, respectively, in 1 h, while similar to 60% was decomposed for the NH4F-treated a-TiO2. Note that pure a-TiO2 photocatalytically decomposed only similar to 10% of methylene blue over the same time. These results pave the way to precise control of the facet of TiO2 through using different capping agents.
机译：非常需要反应性的表面暴露的锐钛矿型TiO 2（a-TiO 2）。需要优异的光催化活性的应用。为了获得良好的表面，已经广泛研究了使用封端剂控制α-TiO2的形态。在本文中，我们系统地研究了不同的F源（HF，TiF4和NH4F）作为封端剂对a-TiO2在水热过程中的形貌控制和光催化活性的影响。当添加HF或TiF4时，会形成具有光催化活性的{001}小平面的大截短的双锥体，而NH4F对小平面控制无效，产生的纳米球类似于纯a-TiO2。形态变化与溶剂中F源的分解行为有关：HF和TiF4在a-TiO2成核之前分解并提供F-离子，从而改变了成核速率和生长方向，从而导致生成a-TiO2形态。另一方面，NH4F在a-TiO2成核后提供F-离子，并且不能改变其生长行为。就光催化作用而言，经HF和TiF4处理的a-TiO2在1小时内分别有效分解了约90％和约80％的亚甲基蓝，而对于NH4F处理，其分解了约60％钛白粉注意，纯α-TiO2在同一时间仅光催化分解约10％的亚甲基蓝。这些结果为通过使用不同的封端剂精确控制TiO2的面铺平了道路。

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