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Solvothermal synthesis of nanoporous TiO2: the impact on thin-film composite membranes for engineered osmosis application

机译：溶剂热合成纳米多孔TiO2：对工程渗透应用薄膜复合膜的影响

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摘要

In the current study, the impact of self-synthesized nanoporous titanium oxide (NT) on the morphology, performance and fouling of a polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) membrane was investigated when the membrane was applied for engineering osmosis (EO). The nanoporous structure and the spindle-like shape of NT were revealed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the AATPS modification of NT was verified by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of modified NT (mNT) in the PA dense active layer of the TFC membrane. The outgrowth of the 'leaf-like' structure, upon mNT loading, at the surface of the PA layer was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The TFC membrane prepared with 0.05 wt% mNT loading in the organic phase showed the water flux of 26.41 m(-2) h(-1) when tested in the forward osmosis (FO) mode using 0.5M and 10 mM NaCl solution as the draw and feed solution, respectively. Moreover, the TFC-mNT membrane also demonstrated an intensified antifouling property against organic foulant during FO application and it was possible to retrieve the initial water flux almost completely with a simple water-rinsing process.
机译：在当前的研究中，研究了自合成纳米多孔二氧化钛（NT）对聚酰胺（PA）薄膜复合材料（TFC）膜的形态，性能和结垢的影响，该膜用于工程渗透（EO） ）。 NT的纳米孔结构和纺锤状的形状通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）揭示，而NT的AATPS修饰通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外（ATR-FTIR）光谱进行验证。 X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和X射线衍射（XRD）的结果证实了TFC膜的PA致密活性层中存在修饰的NT（mNT）。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）观察到，当mNT负载时，“叶状”结构在PA层表面的生长。当使用0.5M和10 mM NaCl溶液作为正向渗透（FO）模式进行测试时，在有机相中负载0.05 wt％mNT的TFC膜显示出26.41 m（-2）h（-1）的水通量。分别抽取和补充溶液。此外，TFC-mNT膜还显示出在FO施用过程中对有机污垢的增强的防污性能，并且可以通过简单的水冲洗过程几乎完全回收初始水通量。

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