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Binary information propagation in circular magnetic nanodot arrays using strain induced magnetic anisotropy

机译：利用应变感应磁各向异性在圆形磁性纳米点阵列中的二进制信息传播

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Nanomagnetic logic has emerged as a potential replacement for traditional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) based logic because of superior energy-efficiency (Salahuddin and Datta 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 093503, Cowburn and Welland 2000 Science 287 1466-68). One implementation of nanomagnetic logic employs shape-anisotropic (e.g. elliptical) ferromagnets (with two stable magnetization orientations) as binary switches that rely on dipole-dipole interaction to communicate binary information (Cowburn and Welland 2000 Science 287 1466-8, Csaba et al 2002 IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 1 209-13, Carlton et al 2008 Nano Lett. 8 4173-8, Atulasimha and Bandyopadhyay 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 173105, Roy et al 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 063108, Fashami et al 2011 Nanotechnology 22 155201, Tiercelin et al 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, Alam et al 2010 IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 9 348-51 and Bhowmik et al 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 59-63). Normally, circular nanomagnets are incompatible with this approach since they lack distinct stable in-plane magnetization orientations to encode bits. However, circular magnetoelastic nanomagnets can be made bi-stable with a voltage induced anisotropic strain, which provides two significant advantages for nanomagnetic logic applications. First, the shape-anisotropy energy barrier is eliminated which reduces the amount of energy required to reorient the magnetization. Second, the in-plane size can be reduced (similar to 20 nm) which was previously not possible due to thermal stability issues. In circular magnetoelastic nanomagnets, a voltage induced strain stabilizes the magnetization even at this size overcoming the thermal stability issue. In this paper, we analytically demonstrate the feasibility of a binary 'logic wire' implemented with an array of circular nanomagnets that are clocked with voltage-induced strain applied by an underlying piezoelectric substrate. This leads to an energy-efficient logic paradigm orders of magnitude superior to existing CMOS-based logic that is scalable to dimensions substantially smaller than those for existing nanomagnetic logic approaches. The analytical approach is validated with experimental measurements conducted on dipole coupled Nickel (Ni) nanodots fabricated on a PMN-PT (Lead Magnesium Niobate-Lead Titanate) sample.
机译：纳米磁逻辑因其优越的能源效率而成为传统的基于互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）的逻辑的潜在替代品（Salahuddin和Datta 2007 Appl。Phys.Lett。90 093503，Cowburn and Welland 2000 Science 287 1466-68）。纳米磁逻辑的一种实现方式是使用形状各向异性（例如椭圆形）的铁磁体（具有两个稳定的磁化方向）作为依赖偶极-偶极相互作用来传达二进制信息的二进制开关（Cowburn和Welland 2000 Science 287 1466-8，Csaba等2002） IEEE Trans.Nanotechnol.1 209-13，Carlton等人2008 Nano Lett.8 4173-8，Atulasimha和Bandyopadhyay 2010 Appl.Phys.Lett.97 173105，Roy等人2011 Appl.Physt.Lett.99 063108，Fashami等等人，2011 Nanotechnology 22 155201，Tiercelin等人2011 Appl。Phys。Lett。99，Alam等人2010 IEEE Trans。Nanotechnol。9 348-51和Bhowmik等人2013 Nat。Nanotechnol。9 59-63）。通常，圆形纳米磁铁与这种方法不兼容，因为它们缺乏独特的稳定的平面内磁化方向来编码位。然而，圆形磁弹性纳米磁体可以制成具有电压感应各向异性应变的双稳态，这为纳米磁逻辑应用提供了两个重要的优势。首先，消除了形状各向异性能垒，这减少了重新定向磁化所需的能量。其次，可以减小平面尺寸（类似于20 nm），这以前是由于热稳定性问题而无法实现的。在圆形磁弹性纳米磁体中，即使在该尺寸下克服了热稳定性问题，电压感应应变也会稳定磁化强度。在本文中，我们分析性地证明了用圆形纳米磁铁阵列实现二进制“逻辑线”的可行性，圆形纳米磁铁由底层压电基板施加的电压感应应变来控制。这导致了比现有的基于CMOS的逻辑优越数量级的高能效逻辑范式，该范式可缩放到的尺寸大大小于现有的纳米磁性逻辑方法的尺寸。该分析方法通过在PMN-PT（铅酸铌铅-钛酸铅）样品上制造的偶极耦合镍（Ni）纳米点进行的实验测量得到验证。

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