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Efficient dual acidic carbo-catalyst for one-pot conversion of carbohydrates to levulinic acid

机译:高效的双酸性碳催化剂,可将碳水化合物一锅转化为乙酰丙酸

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摘要

Levulinic acid (LA) is an important platform intermediate for several high value renewable bioproducts. One-pot synthesis of LA from carbohydrates is disadvantaged by the lack of proximity of the active sites required for sequential isomerization, dehydration and rehydration reactions. Herein, we report an efficient one-pot conversion of C-6 sugars to LA using a carbo-catalyst (ZrHyC), containing Lewis acidic zirconium and Bronsted acidic carboxyl and hydroxyl sites. The proximity of the two acid sites on a hydrothermally prepared carbon support makes the catalyst highly effective enabling a maximum 73% LA yield from glucose conversion. Fructose conversion achieved a higher LA yield (89%) because of a facile reaction without involving an isomerization step. The effects of solvents, the glucose to catalyst ratio, and the reaction time on glucose conversion and LA yield are systemically examined. Detailed characterization of the catalyst using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, XRD, FESEM and NH3-TPD techniques are presented to elucidate the presence of the two acid sites and zirconium in the +4 oxidation state.
机译:乙酰丙酸(LA)是多种高价值可再生生物产品的重要平台中间体。由碳水化合物一锅法合成LA的缺点是,顺序异构化,脱水和再水化反应所需的活性位点缺乏接近性。在本文中,我们报告了使用碳催化剂(ZrHyC)将C-6糖有效地一锅转换成LA的方法,该碳催化剂包含路易斯酸性锆和布朗斯台德酸性羧基和羟基位。水热制备的碳载体上两个酸位的接近使催化剂非常有效,从而使葡萄糖转化产生的LA产率最高达到73%。由于反应容易,且不涉及异构化步骤,因此果糖转化可实现较高的LA收率(89%)。系统地检查了溶剂,葡萄糖与催化剂的比例以及反应时间对葡萄糖转化率和LA产率的影响。提出了使用FTIR,拉曼光谱,XPS,XRD,FESEM和NH3-TPD技术对催化剂进行的详细表征,以阐明两个酸位和+4氧化态的锆的存在。

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