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Application of red mud as both neutralizer and catalyst in supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) disposal of sewage sludge

机译：赤泥作为中和剂和催化剂在超临界水氧化处理污泥中的应用

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Red mud was used in the supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) disposal of sewage sludge, not only as a neutralizer for acidic substances produced in situ, but also as a catalyst for decomposition of pollutants. With initial amounts of 2, 4, 6, and 8% of red mud, the total carbon (TC) value of the solid residue increased from 9.16 mg g(-1) to 14.88, 17.91, 20.11, and 26.14 mg g(-1), respectively. This resulted from the net increase in the inorganic carbon after capturing and absorption of CO2 produced in situ. The pH of the drained water was correspondingly increased from 5.16 to the range 7.67-7.82. This was mainly determined by the balance in the system of soluble inorganic salts (SIS)-remaining organic substances (RS)-CO2-H2O under certain conditions. However, the pH controlling system switched to SIS-CO2-H2O and RS-CO2-H2O as the operating temperature increased and the residence time increased, respectively. An increase in the TOC removal rate was observed by increasing the amount of red mud, and an outcome in excess of 99.3% could be achieved, although at a relatively low temperature of 400 degrees C by an initial concentration of 8% red mud. Combined with the rise of TOC removal rate after 2% red mud addition confirmed in the experiments with different operating temperatures and that with different residence time, the catalytic effect of red mud was strongly evidenced. It was probably attributable to the active components in red mud at the primary period, and to the fine-grained calcite that formed in situ, along with tricalcium aluminate, perovskite, hematite, and other inorganic salts at the subsequent period.
机译：赤泥被用于污水污泥的超临界水氧化（SCWO）处理中，不仅用作就地产生的酸性物质的中和剂，而且还用作污染物分解的催化剂。在初始量为2、4、6和8％的赤泥的情况下，固体残留物的总碳（TC）值从9.16 mg g（-1）增加到14.88、17.91、20.11和26.14 mg g（- 1）。这是由于捕获和吸收原位产生的CO2后无机碳的净增加所致。排水的pH相应地从5.16增加到7.67-7.82的范围。这主要取决于在某些条件下可溶性无机盐（SIS）-残留有机物（RS）-CO2-H2O体系中的平衡。但是，随着工作温度的升高和停留时间的增加，pH控制系统分别转换为SIS-CO2-H2O和RS-CO2-H2O。通过增加赤泥的量可以观察到TOC去除率的提高，尽管在相对较低的温度（400摄氏度）下，初始赤泥的浓度为8％，但仍可以达到99.3％以上的结果。在不同的操作温度和不同的停留时间的实验中，结合添加2％赤泥后TOC去除率的提高，强烈证明了赤泥的催化作用。它可能归因于初期的赤泥中的活性成分，以及原位形成的细方解石，以及随后时期的铝酸三钙，钙钛矿，赤铁矿和其他无机盐。

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