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PT symmetry in optics beyond the paraxial approximation

机译:光学中的PT对称性超出近轴近似

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The concept of the PT symmetry, originating from the quantum field theory, has been intensively investigated in optics, stimulated by the similarity between the Schrodinger equation and the paraxial wave equation governing the propagation of light in guiding structures. We go beyond the paraxial approximation and demonstrate, solving the full set of the Maxwell's equations for the light propagation in deeply subwavelength waveguides and periodic lattices with balanced gain and loss, that the PT symmetry may stay unbroken in this setting. Moreover, the PT symmetry in subwavelength guiding structures may be restored after being initially broken upon the increase of gain and loss. Critical gain/loss levels, at which the breakup and subsequent restoration of the PT symmetry occur, strongly depend on the scale of the structure.
机译:源自对称场理论的PT对称性概念已在光学领域进行了深入研究,受到Schrodinger方程和控制光在引导结构中传播的近轴波方程之间相似性的刺激。我们超越了近轴近似,并证明,解决了麦克斯韦方程组在深亚波长波导和具有平衡增益和损耗的周期性晶格中的光传播的完整方程组,在这种情况下PT对称性可能保持不变。此外,在亚波长导引结构中的PT对称性可以在增益和损耗增加时最初被破坏之后恢复。发生PT对称性破裂和随后恢复的临界增益/损耗水平在很大程度上取决于结构的规模。

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