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首页> 外文期刊>Physica, A. Statistical mechanics and its applications >Empirical study of a unidirectional dense crowd during a real mass event
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Empirical study of a unidirectional dense crowd during a real mass event

机译：真实大规模事件中单向密集人群的实证研究

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Many tragic crowd disasters have happened across the world in recent years, such as the Phnom Penh stampede in Cambodia, crowd disaster in Mina/Makkah, and the Love Parade disaster in Germany, showing that management of mass events is a tough task for organizers. The study of unidirectional flow, one of the most common forms of motion in mass activities, is essential for safe organization of such events. In this paper, the properties of unidirectional flow in a crowded street during a real mass event in China are quantitatively investigated with sophisticated active infrared counters and an image processing method. A complete dataset of flow rates during the whole celebration is recorded, and a time series analysis gives new insight into such activities. The spatial analysis shows that the velocity and density of the crowd are inhomogeneous due to the boundary effect, whereas the flux is uniform. The estimated capacity of the street indicates that the maximum flow rate under normal condition should be between 1.73 and 1.98 /m/s, which is in good agreement with several field studies available in the existing literature. In consideration of the significant deviation among different studies, fundamental diagrams of dense crowds are also re-verified, and the results here are consistent with those from other field studies of unidirectional flow, but different from the bidirectional and experimental results. It is suggested that the data from multidirectional flow and experiments cannot be directly applied to unidirectional dense flow in a real mass event. The results also imply that the density of a similar unidirectional marching crowd should be controlled to be under 5 /m2, which can produce optimal efficiency and have more possibility to ensure safety. The field study data given here provide a good example of a database for crowd studies.
机译：近年来，世界各地发生了许多悲惨的人群灾难，例如柬埔寨的金边踩踏事件，米纳/马卡赫的人群灾难和德国的爱情游行灾难，这表明对大型活动的管理对于组织者而言是一项艰巨的任务。单向流的研究是群众活动中最常见的运动形式之一，对于安全组织此类事件至关重要。本文利用复杂的主动红外计数器和图像处理方法，对中国实际群众活动中拥挤的街道上单向流动的特性进行了定量研究。记录了整个庆祝活动期间的完整流量数据集，并进行了时间序列分析，从而提供了有关此类活动的新见解。空间分析表明，由于边界效应，人群的速度和密度是不均匀的，而通量是均匀的。估计的街道通行能力表明，正常情况下的最大流量应在1.73和1.98 / m / s之间，这与现有文献中提供的一些现场研究非常吻合。考虑到不同研究之间的显着差异，还对密集人群的基本图进行了重新验证，此处的结果与其他单向流场研究的结果一致，但与双向和实验结果不同。建议从多向流和实验获得的数据不能直接应用于真实质量事件中的单向密集流。结果还暗示，应将类似的单向行军人群的密度控制在5 / m2以下，这样可以产生最佳效率，并且更有可能确保安全。此处给出的现场研究数据为人群研究的数据库提供了一个很好的例子。

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