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首页> 外文期刊>Critical Reviews in Biotechnology >A critical review on the improvement of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in C3 plants using genetic engineering.
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A critical review on the improvement of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in C3 plants using genetic engineering.

机译：利用基因工程技术改良C 3 植物光合碳同化作用的研究进展。

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Global warming is one of the most serious challenges facing us today. It may be linked to the increase in atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs), leading to a rise in sea level, notable shifts in ecosystems, and in the frequency and intensity of wild fires. There is a strong interest in stabilizing the atmospheric concentration of CO2 and other GHGs by decreasing carbon emission and/or increasing carbon sequestration. Biotic sequestration is an important and effective strategy to mitigate the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations by increasing carbon sequestration and storage capacity of ecosystems using plant photosynthesis and by decreasing carbon emission using biofuel rather than fossil fuel. Improvement of photosynthetic carbon assimilation, using transgenic engineering, potentially provides a set of available and effective tools for enhancing plant carbon sequestration. In this review, firstly different biological methods of CO2 assimilation in C3, C4 and CAM plants are introduced and three types of C4 pathways which have high photosynthetic performance and have evolved as CO2 pumps are briefly summarized. Then (i) the improvement of photosynthetic carbon assimilation of C3 plants by transgenic engineering using non-C4 genes, and (ii) the overexpression of individual or multiple C4 cycle photosynthetic genes (PEPC, PPDK, PCK, NADP-ME and NADP-MDH) in transgenic C3 plants (e.g. tobacco, potato, rice and Arabidopsis) are highlighted. Some transgenic C3 plants (e.g. tobacco, rice and Arabidopsis) overexpressing the FBP/SBPase, ictB and cytochrome c6 genes showed positive effects on photosynthetic efficiency and growth characteristics. However, over the last 28 years, efforts to overexpress individual, double or multiple C4 enzymes in C3 plants like tobacco, potato, rice, and Arabidopsis have produced mixed results that do not confirm or eliminate the possibility of improving photosynthesis of C3 plants by this approach. Finally, a prospect is provided on the challenges of enhancing carbon assimilation of C3 plants using transgenic engineering in the face of global warming, and the trends of the most promising approaches to improving the photosynthetic performance of C3 plants.
机译：全球变暖是我们今天面临的最严峻挑战之一。它可能与大气中CO 2 和其他温室气体（GHGs）的增加有关，导致海平面上升，生态系统发生明显变化以及野火的频率和强度。人们强烈希望通过减少碳排放和/或增加碳固存来稳定CO 2 和其他温室气体的大气浓度。通过利用植物光合作用提高碳固存和生态系统的储存能力，并通过使用生物燃料而非化石燃料减少碳排放，生物螯合是缓解大气中CO 2 浓度升高的影响的重要而有效的策略。使用转基因工程技术改善光合碳同化作用，有可能提供一套可用的有效工具来增强植物的固碳能力。本文首先介绍了C 3 ，C 4 和CAM植物中CO 2 同化的不同生物学方法，并介绍了三种类型的C <简要总结了具有高光合性能并随着CO 2 泵而发展的sub> 4 途径。然后（i）通过使用非C 4 基因的转基因工程改善C 3 植物的光合碳同化作用，以及（ii）单个或多个C < sub> 4 循环光合基因（ PEPC ， PPDK ， PCK ， NADP-ME 和<在转基因的C 3 植物（例如烟草，马铃薯，水稻和拟南芥）中突出显示了i> NADP-MDH 。一些过表达 FBP / SBPase ， ictB 和细胞色素的转基因C 3 植物（例如烟草，水稻和拟南芥） c 6 基因对光合效率和生长特性具有积极影响。但是，在过去的28年中，人们努力在烟草，马铃薯，大米和拟南芥属的C 3 植物中过表达单个，双重或多种C 4 酶。 / i>产生的混合结果并不能确认或消除通过这种方法改善C 3 植物光合作用的可能性。最后，面对全球变暖，利用转基因工程增强C 3 植物碳同化的挑战，以及改善C C> sub> 3 植物。

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