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Calculation of ionic charging free energies in simulation systems with atomic charges,dipoles,and quadrupoles

机译:具有原子电荷,偶极子和四极子的模拟系统中离子自由电荷的计算

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摘要

The ionic charging free energy is a very sensitive probe for the treatment of electrostatics in any given simulation setting.In this work,we present methods to compute the ionic charging free energy in systems characterized by atomic charges and higher-order multipoles,mainly dipoles and quadrupoles.The results of these methods for periodic boundary conditions and for spherical clusters are then compared.For the treatment of spherical clusters,we introduce a generalization of Gauss'law that links the microscopic varables to the measurable macroscopic electrostatics via a work function.
机译:离子带电自由能是在任何给定的模拟设置下对静电处理非常敏感的探针。在这项工作中,我们提出了在以原子电荷和高阶多极子(主要是偶极子和然后比较了这些方法对于周期性边界条件和球形簇的方法的结果。对于球形簇的处理,我们引入了高斯定律的推广,该定律通过功函数将微观变量与可测量的宏观静电联系起来。

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