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Chemoselectivities in acetalization, thioacetalization, oxathioacetalization and azathioacetalization

机译:在乙缩醛化,硫代乙缩醛化,草硫代乙缩醛化和硫唑基缩醛化中的化学选择性

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in the present article (experimental as well theoretical) the relative yields of cyclic (O,O), (S,S), (S,O), and (S,N) acetals, formed from p-(NO2)C6H4CHO and p-(OH)C6H4CHO, are compared. Atomic charges, global electrophilicity descriptor (w) [as proposed by Parr et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1922] and hard-soft acid-base concept of Pearson (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 3533) are used to explain the experimental observations. Although the w values can explain the yields, charge and local softness values of the interacting sites explain the plausible reaction mechanism. The bisnucleophiles chosen for acetalization are CH2(OH)-CH2(OH) (glycol), CH2(SH)-CH2(SH) (dithiol), CH2(OH)-CH2(SH) (oxathiol) and CH2(SH)-CH2(NH2) (azathiol). For p-(NO2)C6H4CHO, the experimental yield of cyclic acetals were found to follow the trend as (S,N) > (S,O) > (O,O) > (S,S), which is also supported by theoretical explanation based on the w values and applying the concept of hard-hard (i.e., charge-controlled) and soft-soft (i.e., orbital-controlled) interaction between the interacting sites of the substrates (i.e., aldehydes) and the reactants (bisnucleophiles). Similarly, for p-(OH)C6H4CHO the relative yields of cyclic acetals follow the trend (S,N) approximate to (S,S) > (S,O) > (O,O). It is argued that the attack on C-CHO (i.e., C-atom of the CHO group) in p-(NO2)C6H4CHO by O-OH (i.e., O-atom of OH group) or N-NH2 (i.e., N-atom of NH2 group) is mainly charge-controlled but the attack on C-CHO in p-(OH)C6H4CHO) by S-SH (i.e., S-atom of SH group) is orbital-controlled.
机译:在本文(实验和理论上)中,由对-(NO2)C6H4CHO和P-形成的环状(O,O),(S,S),(S,O)和(S,N)乙缩醛的相对收率比较对-(OH)C6H4CHO。原子电荷,整体亲电性描述符(w)[如Parr等人,J。Am。化学Soc。 [1999,121,1922]和Pearson的硬-软酸碱概念(J. Am。Chem。Soc。1963,85,3533)用于解释实验观察。尽管w值可以解释产量,但相互作用部位的电荷和局部柔软度值可以说明合理的反应机理。选择用于缩醛化的双亲核试剂是CH2(OH)-CH2(OH)(乙二醇),CH2(SH)-CH2(SH)(二硫醇),CH2(OH)-CH2(SH)(草硫醇)和CH2(SH)- CH2(NH2)(硫唑醇)。对于对-(NO2)C6H4CHO,发现环缩醛的实验产率遵循以下趋势:(S,N)>(S,O)>(O,O)>(S,S),这也得到了支持基于w值的理论解释,并应用了底物(即醛)的相互作用位点和反应物之间的硬-硬(即电荷控制)和软-软(即轨道控制)相互作用的概念(双亲核试剂)。类似地,对于对-(OH)C6H4CHO,环状缩醛的相对产率遵循趋势(S,N),近似于(S,S)>(S,O)>(​​O,O)。有人认为O-OH(即OH基团的O原子)或N-NH2(即N)对p-(NO2)C6H4CHO中的C-CHO(即CHO基团的C原子)的攻击(NH 2基团的S原子)主要受电荷控制,但S-SH(即SH基团的S原子)对p-(OH)C6H4CHO的C-CHO的攻击是轨道控制的。

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