首页> 外文期刊>The journal of physical chemistry, A. Molecules, spectroscopy, kinetics, environment, & general theory >Temperature dependent thermodynamic model of the system H ~+-NH_4~+-Na~+-SO_4~(2-)NO_3~-Cl~--H_2O
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Temperature dependent thermodynamic model of the system H ~+-NH_4~+-Na~+-SO_4~(2-)NO_3~-Cl~--H_2O

机译:H〜+ -NH_4〜+ -Na〜+ -SO_4〜(2-)NO_3〜-Cl〜--H_2O随温度变化的热力学模型

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摘要

A thermodynamic model of the system H~+-NH_4~+-Na~+-SO_4~(2-)-NO_3~--Cl~--H_2O is parametrized and used to represent activity coefficients, equilibrium partial pressures of H_2O, HNO_3, HCl, H_2SO_4, and NH_3, and saturation with respect to 26 solid phases (NaCl(s), NaCl?2H _2O(s), Na_2SO_4(s), Na_2SO _4?10H_2O(s), NaNO_3?Na _2SO_4?H_2O(s), Na_3H(SO _4)_2(s), NaHSO_4(s), NaHSO_4? H_2O(s), NaNH_4SO_4?2H_2O(s), NaNO_3(s), NH_4Cl(s), NH_4NO_3(s), (NH_4)_2SO_4(s), (NH_4) _3H(SO_4)_2(s), NH_4HSO_4(s), (NH_4)_2SO_4?2NH_4NO _3(s), (NH_4)_2SO_4?3NH _4NO_3(s), H_2SO_4?H _2O(s), H_2SO_4?2H_2O(s), H _2SO_4?3H_2O(s), H_2SO _4?4H_2O(s), H_2SO_4?6.5H _2O(s), HNO_3?H_2O(s), HNO _3?2H_2O(s), HNO_3?3H_2O(s), and HCl?3H_2O(s)). The enthalpy of formation of the complex salts NaNH_4SO_4?2H_2O(s) and Na _2SO_4?NaNO_3?H_2O(s) is calculated. The model is valid for temperatures 263.15 up to 330 K and concentrations from infinite dilution to saturation with respect to the solid phases. For H_2SO_4-H_2O solutions the degree of dissociation of the HSO_4~- ion is represented near the experimental uncertainty over wide temperature and concentration ranges. The parametrization of the model for the subsystems H~+-NH _4~+-NO_3~--SO_4~(2-)-H_2O and H~+-NO_3~--SO_4~(2-)-Cl~--H_2O relies on previous studies (Clegg, S. L. et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 2137 -2154; Carslaw, K. S. et al. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 11557-11574), which are only partly adjusted to new data. For these systems the model is applicable to temperatures below 200 K, dependent upon liquid-phase composition, and for the former system also to supersaturated solutions. Values for the model parameters are determined from literature data for the vapor pressure, osmotic coefficient, emf, degree of dissociation of HSO_4~-, and the dissociation constant of NH_3 as well as measurements of calorimetric properties of aqueous solutions like enthalpy of dilution, enthalpy of solution, enthalpy of mixing, and heat capacity. The high accuracy of the model is demonstrated by comparisons with experimentally determined mean activity coefficients of HCl in HCl-Na_2SO_4-H_2O solutions, solubility measurements for the quaternary systems H ~+-Na~+-Cl~--SO_4~(2-)-H _2O, Na~+-NH_4~+-Cl~--SO _4~(2-)-H_2O, and Na~+-NH_4~+-NO_3~--SO_4~(2-)-H _2O as well as vapor pressure measurements of HNO_3, HCl, H_2SO_4, and NH_3.
机译:参数化系统H〜+ -NH_4〜+ -Na〜+ -SO_4〜(2-)-NO_3〜--Cl〜--H_2O的热力学模型,并用来表示活度系数,H_2O的平衡分压,HNO_3 ,HCl,H_2SO_4和NH_3以及相对于26种固相的饱和度(NaCl,NaCl?2H _2O(s),Na_2SO_4,Na_2SO_4?10H_2O,NaNO_3?Na _2SO_4?H_2O( s),Na_3H(SO _4)_2(s),NaHSO_4(s),NaHSO_4?H_2O(s),NaNH_4SO_4?2H_2O(s),NaNO_3(s),NH_4Cl(s),NH_4NO_3(s),(NH_4) _2SO_4(s),(NH_4)_3H(SO_4)_2(s),NH_4HSO_4(s),(NH_4)_2SO_4?2NH_4NO _3(s),(NH_4)_2SO_4?3NH _4NO_3(s),H_2SO_4?H _2O(s) ),H_2SO_4?2H_2O(s),H _2SO_4?3H_2O(s),H_2SO _4?4H_2O(s),H_2SO_4?6.5H _2O(s),HNO_3?H_2O(s),HNO _3?2H_2O(s),HNO_3 〜3H_2O和HCl〜3H_2O。计算复合盐NaNH_4SO_4→2H_2O和Na_2SO_4→NaNO_3→H_2O(s)形成的焓。该模型适用于最高温度为263.15到330 K以及相对于固相从无限稀释到饱和的浓度。对于H_2SO_4-H_2O溶液,在较宽的温度和浓度范围内,HSO_4-离子的解离度接近实验不确定度。子系统H〜+ -NH _4〜+ -NO_3〜--SO_4〜(2-)-H_2O和H〜+ -NO_3〜--SO_4〜(2-)-Cl〜--H_2O的模型参数化依赖以前的研究(Clegg,SL等人,J. Phys。Chem。A 1998,102,2137 -2154; Carslaw,KS等人.J。Phys。Chem。1995,99,11557-11574)部分调整为新数据。对于这些系统,该模型适用于低于200 K的温度(取决于液相组成),而对于前一个系统,该模型也适用于过饱和溶液。模型参数的值由文献数据确定,包括蒸汽压,渗透系数,电动势,HSO_4〜-的解离度和NH_3的解离常数以及水溶液的量热性质(如稀释焓,焓)的测量值。溶液,混合焓和热容量。通过与实验确定的HCl在HCl-Na_2SO_4-H_2O溶液中的HCl平均活性系数,四元体系H〜+ -Na〜+ -Cl〜--SO_4〜(2-)的比较,证明了该模型的高精度。 -H _2O,Na〜+ -NH_4〜+ -Cl〜--SO _4〜(2-)-H_2O和Na〜+ -NH_4〜+ -NO_3〜--SO_4〜(2-)-H _2O作为HNO_3,HCl,H_2SO_4和NH_3的蒸气压测量值。

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