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首页> 外文期刊>The journal of physical chemistry, A. Molecules, spectroscopy, kinetics, environment, & general theory >Densities and apparent molar volumes of atmospherically important electrolyte solutions. 1. the solutes H_2SO_4, HNO _3, HCl, Na_2SO_4, NaNO_3, NaCl, (NH_4)_2SO_4, NH_4NO_3, and NH_4Cl from 0 to 50 °c
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Densities and apparent molar volumes of atmospherically important electrolyte solutions. 1. the solutes H_2SO_4, HNO _3, HCl, Na_2SO_4, NaNO_3, NaCl, (NH_4)_2SO_4, NH_4NO_3, and NH_4Cl from 0 to 50 °c

机译：大气上重要的电解质溶液的密度和表观摩尔体积。 1.溶质H_2SO_4，HNO_3，HCl，Na_2SO_4，NaNO_3，NaCl，（NH_4）_2SO_4，NH_4NO_3和NH_4Cl在0至50°c之间

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Calculations of the size and density of atmospheric aerosols are complicated by the fact that they can exist at concentrations highly supersaturated with respect to dissolved salts and supercooled with respect to ice. Densities and apparent molar volumes of solutes in aqueous solutions containing the solutes H_2SO_4, HNO_3, HCl, Na_2SO_4, NaNO_3, NaCl, (NH_4) _2SO_4, NH_4NO_3, and NH_4Cl have been critically evaluated and represented using fitted equations from 0 to 50 °C or greater and from infinite dilution to concentrations saturated or supersaturated with respect to the dissolved salts. Using extrapolated densities of high-temperature solutions and melts, the relationship between density and concentration is extended to the hypothetical pure liquid solutes. Above a given reference concentration of a few mol kg~(-1), it is observed that density increases almost linearly with decreasing temperature, and comparisons with available data below 0 °C suggest that the fitted equations for density can be extrapolated to very low temperatures. As concentration is decreased below the reference concentration, the variation of density with temperature tends to that of water (which decreases as temperature is reduced below 3.98 °C). In this region below the reference concentration, and below 0 °C, densities are calculated using extrapolated apparent molar volumes which are constrained to agree at the reference concentrations with an equation for the directly fitted density. Calculated volume properties agree well with available data at low temperatures, for both concentrated and dilute solutions. Comparisons are made with literature data for temperatures of maximum density. Apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution are consistent, on a single ion basis, to better than ±0.1 cm~3 mol~(-1) from 0 to 50 °C. Volume properties of aqueous NaHSO_4, NaOH, and NH_3 have also been evaluated, at 25 °C only. In part 2 of this work (ref 1) an ion interaction (Pitzer) model has been used to calculate apparent molar volumes of H_2SO_4 in 0-3 mol kg~(-1) aqueous solutions of the pure acid and to represent directly the effect of the HSO_4~- ? H~+ + SO_4~(2-) reaction. The results are incorporated into the treatment of aqueous H_2SO _4 density described here. Densities and apparent molar volumes from -20 to 50 °C, and from 0 to 100 wt % of solute, are tabulated for the electrolytes listed in the title and have also been incorporated into the extended aerosol inorganics model (E-AIM, http://www.aim.env.uea.ac.uk/aim/aim. php) together with densities of the solid salts and hydrates.
机译：大气气溶胶的大小和密度的计算非常复杂，因为它们的浓度相对于溶解盐而言过饱和，而相对于冰而言则过冷。已对含溶质H_2SO_4，HNO_3，HCl，Na_2SO_4，NaNO_3，NaCl，（NH_4）_2SO_4，NH_4NO_3和NH_4Cl的水溶液中的溶质的密度和表观摩尔体积进行了严格评估，并使用0至50°C或以下的拟合方程表示并从无限稀释到相对于溶解盐饱和或过饱和的浓度。使用高温溶液和熔体的外推密度，密度和浓度之间的关系扩展到了假设的纯液体溶质。在给定的参考浓度几mol kg〜（-1）以上，观察到密度随温度降低几乎呈线性增加，并且与低于0°C的可用数据进行比较表明，密度的拟合方程可以外推到非常低的水平温度。当浓度降低到参考浓度以下时，密度随温度的变化趋向于水（随着温度降低到3.98°C以下而降低）。在低于参考浓度且低于0°C的区域中，使用外推的表观摩尔体积计算密度，该表观摩尔体积被约束为在参考浓度下与直接拟合的密度公式一致。对于浓溶液和稀溶液，计算得出的体积特性与低温下的可用数据非常吻合。与文献数据进行了最大密度温度的比较。在单离子基础上，无限稀释下的表观摩尔体积在0至50°C时一致于±0.1 cm〜3 mol〜（-1）。仅在25°C下，还评估了NaHSO_4，NaOH和NH_3水溶液的体积特性。在这项工作的第2部分（参考资料1）中，已使用离子相互作用（皮茨）模型来计算纯酸在0-3 mol kg〜（-1）水溶液中H_2SO_4的表观摩尔体积，并直接表示效果HSO_4〜-的？ H〜+ + SO_4〜（2-）反应。将结果并入此处所述的H_2SO_4水溶液浓度的处理中。列出了标题中列出的电解质的-20至50°C和溶质的0至100 wt％的密度和表观摩尔体积，并且还被纳入扩展的气溶胶无机物模型（E-AIM，http： //www.aim.env.uea.ac.uk/aim/aim。php）以及固体盐和水合物的密度。

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