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首页> 外文期刊>Cotton Reseach Journal >Epidemiology of Verticillium Wilt of Cotton in Iran
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Epidemiology of Verticillium Wilt of Cotton in Iran

机译：伊朗棉花黄萎病的流行病学

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摘要

Verticillium wilt incited by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.is one of the most important disease of cotton and there is incidence in allfield cotton in the world.In this resarch, it was evaluated important manageable factors to epidemiology of Verticilliumwilt of Cotton, including the effect of disease on the quantitative and qualitative characters on yield correlation between effective characters of cotton plant on yield with tolerance to Verticillium wilt, host rang and host specifity, roll of weed onperpetuation of V. dahliae. The effect of sequencing of crops on incidence of disease, variability among of isolates based on morphology and pathogenicity , the effect of date planting and density of plants and cultivar infield on incidence of the disease were studied also. Pre planting inoculum density, disease indexj and disease percentage, yield loss and characters of soil in 143 fields were, measured and correlation between them were calculated. Forecasting of disease and efficiency of propagule wasdetermined. The results showed that Verticillium wilt causes the reduction rate of seed germination, boll weight, yield, ginning turn out, weight of 1000 seeds,-plant height , number of leaf, number of boll, number of node, oil percentage in wet seed, elongation, fiber fineness, length of fiber, fiber strength, fiber uniformity and decrease percentage of oil in dried seed .Correlation between percent disease with pre planting inoculum density was determined with curve Y = 4.0lx - 5.74, (r~2 = 0.68) andwhen logarithm of non infected plant was effected the curve changed in to: Y=0.09x - 0.25, (r~2 =0.59).There was not host specifity among isolates of V. dahliae and isolates were gathered from cotton, sesame, okra, pistachio, eggplant, option, tomato, Capsella bursa- pastoris, Atriplex sp., Solanum nigrum, Hibiscus sp., Medicago lupulina, Physalis alkekengi, Amaranthus sp., Datura stramonium, Xanthium sp.and Chenopodium album. Planting of Wheat and Barley after cotton were caused decrease population ofthe causal agent between 50% - 68%. Based on symptom of disease in cotton and okra isolates were grouped in defoliating and non defoliating strains .Increasing of plants in row and delay to planting were caused decrease of index disease. Efficiency of propagule decreased when increasing of plants in row and delay planting and increased when the casual agent was defoliating strain and cultivation before optimum planting date. Forecasting of disease was determined with curve of Y = 4.07x1 + 2.65x2 - 8.8,(r~2 = 0.69)(xl = propaguale density , x2 = percent of silt to sand and Y = percent of disease) and when logarithm of non infected plant was effected the curve changed in to:Y = 0.00927x1 + 0.009x2 - 0.632 , (r~2 = 0.69) (xl = propagule density , x2 = percent of silt and Y = percent of disease).
机译：大麦黄萎病菌引起的黄萎病是棉花最重要的疾病之一，世界上所有田间棉花都有发病。在此研究中，黄萎病被评估为棉花黄萎病流行病学的重要可控因素，包括疾病的影响棉花对黄萎病的抗性，寄主铃和寄主特异性，杂草卷对大麦的永生的影响与产量相关的定量和定性特征还研究了农作物测序对疾病发生率的影响，分离株之间基于形态和致病性的变异性，枣树种植和植物密度以及品种内田对疾病发生率的影响。测定了143个田地的种植前接种物密度，病害指数j，病害百分率，产量损失和土壤性状，并计算了它们之间的相关性。确定了疾病的预测和繁殖的效率。结果表明，黄萎病会降低种子发芽率，铃重，产量，轧花量，1000粒种子的重量，株高，叶数，铃数，节数，湿种子中的含油量，伸长率，纤维细度，纤维长度，纤维强度，纤维均匀度和干燥种子中油的减少百分比。病害百分率与播种前接种物密度之间的相关性由曲线Y = 4.0lx-5.74确定，（r〜2 = 0.68）当未感染植物的对数受到影响时，曲线变为：Y = 0.09x-0.25，（r〜2 = 0.59）。大丽花弧菌菌株之间没有宿主特异性，并且从棉花，芝麻，秋葵中分离得到，开心果，茄子，选项，番茄，Cap菜（Capsella bursa Pastoris），滨藜（Acapplex sp。），龙葵（Solanum nigrum），芙蓉（Hibiscus sp。），紫花苜蓿（Medicago lupulina），酸浆（Physalis alkekengi），A菜（Amaranthus sp。），曼陀罗（Datura stramonium），黄药（Xanthium sp。）棉花种植后小麦和大麦的种植使病原菌的数量减少了50％-68％。根据病虫害的特点，将棉花和秋葵的分离株分为落叶和非落叶两类。成株增加和播种延迟导致指标病减少。当连续增加植株并延缓种植时，繁殖效率降低，而当临时剂在最佳种植日期之前对株系和栽培进行脱叶栽培时，繁殖效率提高。通过Y = 4.07x1 + 2.65x2-8.8，（r〜2 = 0.69）（xl =繁殖密度，x2 =淤泥对沙子的百分比和Y =疾病的百分比）确定疾病的预测，当对数为非感染植物的曲线变化为：Y = 0.00927x1 + 0.009x2-0.632（r〜2 = 0.69）（xl =繁殖密度，x2 =淤泥百分比，Y =病害百分比）。

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