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首页> 外文期刊>Cotton Reseach Journal >Breeding for Earliness in Hirsutum Cotton: A Review
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Breeding for Earliness in Hirsutum Cotton: A Review

机译：棉铃虫早熟育种综述

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The concept of 'earliness' - managing cotton crop to reduce the time between planting and crop maturity is often practiced throughout the cotton growing areas as a way to avoid late season irrigations, insecticide sprays and potential weather damage.Earliness in crop maturity is a desirable character which has several advantages. It is important in the avoidance of insect and disease build-up, soil moisture depletion and weathering of the open cotton. Earliness also has other advantages, such as allowing rotation with a winter crop. Therefore, greater emphasis on earliness has been advocated by cotton breeders in order to increase production efficiencies by decreasing input of fertilizer, water, crop protection and in part, by pest management consideration. Earliness cannot be measured easily because of the fact that the cotton plant flowers and sets bolls over a long period of time. Earliness is influenced by how early the cotton plant begins to flower, rate at which the flowers open and the length of time required for the boll to mature. An easy and reliable measure of its progression toward maturity that can be attained during crop development is needed for both production and research programmes. Manipulating expression of flowering time in cotton holds promise for modifying cotton plant architecture by reducing indeterminate and vegetative growth and promoting flowering and determinate plant growth. These alterations in growth habit may have tangible consequences for cotton production and management. For such a breeding programme aiming to shorten the growing period in hirsutum species, availability of two components is essential. Firstly, there must be variation in the genetic material for the characters related to earliness and secondly,inheritance pattern of the available variation must be known. There are several reasons to set a crop of cotton as quickly as possible and avoid relying on a late or top crop. Firstly, a cotton plant has a greater number of blooms during the initial weeks of flowering than later in the fruiting period. Secondly, it also sets a higher percent of blooms during the first weeks of flowering and thirdly, pest populations tend to increase as the season progresses. Protecting squares and young bolls late in the growing season is more difficult and expensive than protecting an early crop. These research findings can be utilized to meet the challenge of future yield and fibre quality improvements in varied agro-climatic zones of the country.
机译：``早期''的概念-管理棉花作物以减少播种和作物成熟之间的时间通常是在整个棉花种植​​地区实行的，以避免后期灌溉，杀虫剂喷雾和潜在的天气损害的方法。性格具有几个优点。对于避免昆虫和疾病的积聚，土壤水分的消耗以及裸棉的风化，这非常重要。提前还具有其他优势，例如允许冬季作物轮作。因此，棉花育种者已经提倡更加重视早产，以通过减少肥料，水，作物保护的投入以及部分通过病虫害管理的考虑来提高生产效率。由于棉花植物会长时间开花并结铃，因此无法轻易测量早期程度。棉花的早熟时间，开花的速度以及棉铃成熟所需的时间长短会影响早熟程度。生产和研究计划都需要一种简单可靠的方法来衡量其在作物生长过程中走向成熟的过程。操纵棉花中开花时间的表达有望通过减少不确定和营养生长并促进开花和确定植物生长来修饰棉花植物结构。这些生长习惯的改变可能对棉花的生产和管理产生明显的影响。对于旨在缩短陆地锦葵科植物生长期的育种计划，必须具备两个组成部分。首先，与早期相关的字符的遗传材料必须存在变异，其次，必须知道可用变异的遗传模式。尽快种植棉花有很多原因，并且避免依赖晚熟或高产的作物。首先，棉花植物在开花的最初几周内开花的次数要多于结果期的后期。其次，在开花的头几周，它也使绽放的百分比更高;第三，随着季节的发展，害虫数量趋于增加。在生长期后期保护方格和幼铃比保护早季作物更加困难和昂贵。这些研究结果可用于应对该国不同农业气候区未来产量和纤维质量改善的挑战。

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