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首页> 外文期刊>Current Biology: CB >Selenium-tolerant diamondback moth disarms hyperaccumulator plant defense
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Selenium-tolerant diamondback moth disarms hyperaccumulator plant defense

机译：耐硒小菜蛾消除了高蓄积植物的防御

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BACKGROUND: Some plants hyperaccumulate the toxic element selenium (Se) to extreme levels, up to 1% of dry weight. The function of this intriguing phenomenon is obscure. RESULTS: Here, we show that the Se in the hyperaccumulator prince's plume (Stanleya pinnata) protects it from caterpillar herbivory because of deterrence and toxicity. In its natural habitat, however, a newly discovered variety of the invasive diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) has disarmed this elemental defense. It thrives on plants containing highly toxic Se levels and shows no oviposition or feeding deterrence, in contrast to related varieties. Interestingly, a Se-tolerant wasp (Diadegma insulare) was found to parasitize the tolerant moth. The insect's Se tolerance mechanism was revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, which showed that the Se-tolerant moth and its parasite both accumulate methylselenocysteine, the same form found in the hyperaccumulator plant, whereas related sensitive moths accumulate selenocysteine. The latter is toxic because of its nonspecific incorporation into proteins. Indeed, the Se-tolerant diamondback moth incorporated less Se into protein. Additionally, the tolerant variety sequestered Se in distinct abdominal areas, potentially involved in detoxification and larval defense to predators. CONCLUSIONS: Although Se hyperaccumulation protects plants from herbivory by some invertebrates, it can give rise to the evolution of unique Se-tolerant herbivores and thus provide a portal for Se into the local ecosystem. In a broader context, this study provides insight into the possible ecological implications of using Se-enriched crops as a source of anti-carcinogenic selenocompounds and for the remediation of Se-polluted environments.
机译：背景：一些植物将有毒元素硒（Se）过度富集，达到干重的1％。这种有趣现象的功能是模糊的。结果：在这里，我们显示，由于威慑力和毒性，超蓄积王子羽中的硒（Stanleya pinnata）可以保护它免受毛毛虫草食动物的侵害。然而，在其自然栖息地中，新发现的一种侵入性小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）解除了这种元素防御的作用。与相关品种相比，它能在含有剧毒硒含量的植物上繁衍生息，没有产卵或摄食的威慑作用。有趣的是，发现了一种耐硒的黄蜂（Diadegma insulare）寄生了这种耐蛾。 X射线吸收光谱法和液相色谱-质谱法揭示了昆虫对硒的耐受机制，这表明耐硒蛾及其寄生虫都积累了甲基硒代半胱氨酸，与高蓄积植物中的形态相同，而相关的敏感蛾子则积累了硒代半胱氨酸。 。后者是有毒的，因为其非特异性掺入蛋白质中。确实，耐硒的小菜蛾将较少的硒掺入蛋白质中。此外，耐性品种将硒隔离在不同的腹部区域，可能参与了对捕食者的排毒和幼虫防御。结论：尽管硒的过度积累保护了一些无脊椎动物对植物的食草性，但它可以引起独特的耐硒草食动物的进化，从而为硒进入当地生态系统提供了门户。在更广泛的背景下，这项研究提供了关于使用富含硒的农作物作为抗致癌硒化合物的来源以及对硒污染环境进行补救的潜在生态影响的见解。

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