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Ant navigation: one-way routes rather than maps

机译：蚂蚁导航：单向路线而非地图

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In recent years, there has been an upsurge of interest and debate about whether social insects-central-place foragers such as bees and ants-acquire and use cognitive maps, which enable the animal to steer novel courses between familiar sites . Especially in honey bees, it has been claimed that these insects indeed possess such "general landscape memories" and use them in a "map-like" way . Here, we address this question in Australian desert ants, Melophorus bagoti, which forage within cluttered environments full of nearby and more distant landmarks. Within these environments, the ants establish landmark-based idiosyncratic routes from the nest to their feeding sites and select different one-way routes for their outbound and inbound journeys. Various types of displacement experiments show that inbound ants when hitting their inbound routes at any particular place immediately channel in and follow these routes until they reach the nest, but that they behave as though lost when hitting their habitual outbound routes. Hence, familiar landmarks are not decoupled from the context within which they have been acquired and are not knitted together in a more general and potentially map-like way. They instruct the ants when to do what rather than provide them with map-like information about their position in space.
机译：近年来，关于社交昆虫-蜜蜂和蚂蚁等中心昆虫觅食者是否获得并使用认知地图的兴趣和争论激增，这使该动物能够在熟悉的地点之间进行新颖的选择。尤其是在蜜蜂中，已经声称这些昆虫确实具有这种“一般的景观记忆”，并以“地图状”的方式使用它们。在这里，我们在澳大利亚沙漠蚂蚁Melophorus bagoti中解决了这个问题，该蚂蚁在杂乱无章的环境中觅食，周围充满了距离较远的地标。在这些环境中，蚂蚁建立从巢穴到觅食地点的基于地标的特有路线，并为其出入旅程选择不同的单向路线。各种类型的位移实验表明，入站蚂蚁在任何特定位置击中入站路径时都会立即进入并遵循这些路径，直到它们到达巢穴，但当它们击中其惯常的出站路径时，它们的表现就像是迷路了。因此，熟悉的地标不会从获取它们的上下文中分离出来，也不会以更一般和可能类似于地图的方式编织在一起。它们指示蚂蚁什么时候该做什么，而不是向蚂蚁提供有关其在空间中位置的类似地图的信息。

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