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The 'flash-lag' effect occurs in audition and cross-modally

机译：“闪光滞后”效应发生在试听和跨模态中

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In 1958 MacKay [1] showed that a rigidly moving object becomes visually fragmented when part of it is continuously visible but the rest is illuminated intermittently. For example, the glowing tip of a lit cigarette moving under stroboscopic illumination appeared to move ahead of the intermittently lit body. Latterly rediscovered as "the flash-lag effect" (FLE) [2], this illusion now is typically demonstrated on a computer monitor showing two spots of light, one translating across the screen and another briefly flashed in vertical alignment with it. Despite being physically aligned, the brief flash is seen to lag behind the moving spot. This effect has recently motivated much fruitful research, prompting a variety of potential explanations, including those based on motion extrapolation [2, 3], differential latency [4, 5], attention [6], postdiction [7], and temporal integration [8] (for review, see [9]). With no consensus on which theory is most plausible, we have broadened the scope of enquiry to include audition and have found that the FLE is not confined to vision. Whether the auditory motion stimulus is a frequency sweep or a translating sound source, briefly presented auditory stimuli lag behind auditory movement. In addition, when we used spatial motion, we found that the FLE can occur cross-modally. Together, these findings challenge several FLE theories and point to a discrepancy between internal brain timing and external stimulus timing.
机译：1958年，MacKay [1]展示了当一个刚性运动的物体的一部分连续可见但其余部分被间歇性照明时，它们在视觉上变得支离破碎。例如，在频闪观测照明下移动的点燃的香烟的发光尖端似乎在间歇发光的物体之前移动。现在，这种错觉又重新发现为“闪光滞后效应”（FLE）[2]，现在通常在计算机监视器上演示该错觉，其中显示了两个光斑，一个光斑横穿屏幕，另一个光斑与屏幕垂直对齐。尽管在物理上对齐，但短暂的闪光看起来仍落后于运动点。最近，这种效应激发了许多卓有成效的研究，引发了各种可能的解释，包括基于运动外推[2，3]，差分潜伏[4，5]，注意力[6]，事后预测[7]和时间整合[ 8]（有关评论，请参阅[9]）。对于哪种理论最合理没有达成共识，我们将调查范围扩大到包括试镜，并且发现FLE并不局限于视野。无论听觉运动刺激是扫频还是平移声源，简要介绍的听觉刺激都落后于听觉运动。另外，当我们使用空间运动时，我们发现FLE可以交叉模态发生。这些发现共同挑战了几种FLE理论，并指出了内部大脑时机与外部刺激时机之间的差异。

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