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首页> 外文期刊>Cotton Reseach Journal >Integrated Improvement of Cotton for Yield, Fibre Quality and Seed-Utility Characteristics
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Integrated Improvement of Cotton for Yield, Fibre Quality and Seed-Utility Characteristics

机译：综合改良棉花的产量，纤维品质和种子利用率

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Cotton is a cash crop of textile significance and is rightly called as queen of the fibres. It is primarily grown for 'lint'from time immemorial. In the past, concerted efforts were made by cotton breeders for genetic improvement of yield, fibre quality, plant type, earliness and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and appreciable progress was made. Three types of changes in the genotypes were made, viz. (i) shift from diploid to hirsutum cottons [1947-1970], (ii)from varieties to non-Bt. Hybrids [1970-2002! ,and (Hi) from non-Bt. to Bt. cotton hybrids [2002 onwards]. The third shift resulted in significant improvement in yield by providing effective control of bollworms, which are considered as chief enemies of cotton. There were two major problems of cotton breeding in India, viz., (i) siLSceptibility to bollworms and (ii) moisture stress, because about 66% of cotton crop is gxown under rain-fed conditions, where the crop siiffersfrom moisture stress at some stage or other. Thefirst problemhas been significantly overcome by the introduction ofBt. cotton hybrids. However, the second problem still remains unsolved. Hence, in future integrated breeding efforts would be required to achieve improvement in yield, fibre quality and seed utilitytraits by improving drought resistance capacity of varieties and hybrids. In other words, application of agricultural biotechnology would be required to solve the problem of moisture stress. Effective control of bollworms by introduction ofBt. cotton hascontributed to huge increases in seed yield along with lint outputs as a result of which, the importance of cotton seed and its constituents have assumed new importance. It will help in solving growing food security concerns through oil and protein. Theauthors discuss the need for a retook at policies and priorities in cotton improvement in India that is still confronted with lower average yields than global and advanced countries to improve the technological attributes of lint and seed for standing competition and effective utilization in co-existence with synthetic fibres. The simultaneous improvement in yield, fibre quality and seed utility traits can be achieved by various ways such as genetic enhancement [pre-breeding], use of agricultural biotechnology in improving fibre quality traits and inserting drought resistant gene constriLcts. Breeding strategies to develop newer genotypes to overcome the possible adverse effects of climate changes over time, prevailing and future labour shortages in rural areas for hybrid seed production, weeding and manual picking of seed cotton, and to produce three times seed cotton by 2025 have been discussed.
机译：棉花是具有纺织意义的经济作物，被正确地称为纤维的女王。从远古时代起，它就主要为“皮棉”而种植。过去，棉花育种者在提高产量，纤维品质，植物类型，早期性以及对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性方面进行了共同努力，并取得了可观的进展。基因型发生了三种变化，即。 （i）从二倍体棉向陆地棉[1947-1970]转变，（ii）从品种向非Bt转变。杂种[1970-2002！ ，以及来自非Bt的（Hi）。到Bt。棉花杂交种[2002年起]。第三个转变是通过对棉铃虫的有效控制，使棉铃虫成为主要敌人，从而显着提高了产量。印度的棉花育种有两个主要问题，即，（i）对棉铃虫的易感性和（ii）水分胁迫，因为约有66％的棉花作物在雨养条件下g存在，在这种情况下，作物因水分胁迫而缓解舞台或其他。 Bt的引入已大大克服了第一个问题。棉花杂交种。但是，第二个问题仍然没有解决。因此，在未来的综合育种工作中，将需要通过提高品种和杂交品种的抗旱能力来实现产量，纤维品质和种子实用性的提高。换句话说，将需要应用农业生物技术来解决水分胁迫的问题。通过引入Bt有效控制棉铃虫。棉花与棉绒产量一起导致了种子产量的巨大增长，因此，棉花种子及其成分的重要性有了新的重要性。这将有助于通过石油和蛋白质解决日益增长的粮食安全问题。作者讨论了需要重新考虑印度棉花改良的政策和优先事项，该政策和优先事项仍面临着低于全球和先进国家的平均单产，以改善皮棉和种子的技术特性，以进行立式竞争以及与合成纤维共存的有效利用纤维。产量，纤维质量和种子利用性状的同时提高可以通过多种方法来实现，例如遗传改良[预育]，利用农业生物技术改善纤维质量性状和插入抗旱的基因结构。已经开发出了开发新基因型的育种策略，以克服气候变化可能带来的不利影响，农村地区普遍存在的和未来的劳动力短缺，以进行杂交种子生产，除草和手工采摘种子棉，并到2025年生产三倍于种子棉讨论过。

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