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首页> 外文期刊>Zootaxa >The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum
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The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

机译：c尾目莱茵甲藻不再不再是无家族的：分子系统发育研究，包括两个新家族的勃起和八种新的炭疽属物种的描述

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摘要

The spiral intestines of a total of 30 specimens of 14 species of batoids from around the world were examined for rhinebothriideans. These consisted of Taeniura grabata, Dasyatis margaritella, and Dasyatis sp. from Senegal, Dasyatis americana from Florida, Dasyatis dipterura and Dasyatis longa from Mexico, Himantura jenkinsii, Himantura leoparda, Himantura uarnak 2, Urogymnus asperrimus 1, and Neotrygon kuhlii 4 from Australia, in addition to Himantura uarnacoides and Neotrygon kuhlii 1 from Borneo. Each of these hosted one or more species of Anthocephalum. Eleven of the cestode species were new to science; four represented described species. In addition, Urotrygon aspidura from Costa Rica hosted a species of Escherbothrium. Sufficient material was available for formal description of the following eight species of Anthocephalum: A. decrisantisorum n. sp., A. healyae n. sp., A. jensenae n. sp., A. mattisi n. sp., A. meadowsi n. sp., A. odonnellae n. sp., A. papefayi n. sp., and A. philruschi n. sp. These species differ from their nine described congeners in overall size, number of proglottids and marginal loculi, number and arrangement of testes, apical sucker size, arrangement and distribution of vitelline follicles particularly with respect in the post-poral field, and muscularity of the genital pore. The diagnosis of Anthocephalum is emended slightly to accommodate these new species. Material of four previously described Anthocephalum species, seven of the novel Anthocephalum species described here, 3 undescribed Anthocephalum species, and the species of Escherbothrium was preserved in 95% ethanol and partial 28S rDNA (D1-D3) and complete 18S rDNA sequence data were generated de novo. These data were combined with data from GenBank for Anthocephalum cf. centrurum (recognized as A. mattisi n. sp. below) and 29 species representing 12 other putative rhinebothriidean genera. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods were conducted using a total of five representatives of the Lecanicephalidea, Cathetocephalidea and "Tetraphyllidea" as outgroups. The analyses yielded trees that were largely congruent and that supported the existence of four major subgroups of rhinebothriideans. Family designations were established for each of these clades. Echeneibothriidae was elevated from subfamily to family level to accommodate the group consisting of Echeneibothrium and Pseudanthobothrium; this family is unique in retaining the apical organ (as a myzorhynchus) into adulthood. Rhinebothriidae was elevated from subfamily to family level to accommodate the group consisting of Rhabdotobothrium, Rhinebothrium, Rhinebothroides, Rhodobothrium, Scalithrium and Spongiobothrium. This family is distinctive in its lack of apical suckers and also of a definitive anterior/posterior orientation to the bothridia. Anthocephaliidae n. fam. was established to house Anthocephalum and taxa identified as New Genus 1, New Genus 2, and New Genus 4 by previous authors. The bothridia of its members exhibit a conspicuous anterior/posterior orientation signaled by the presence of an apical sucker. In addition, its members bear marginal loculi or one or more rows of facial loculi and vitelline follicles that are usually interrupted by the ovary. Escherbothriidae n. fam. was established to house Escherbothrium and the taxon identified as New Genus 3 by previous authors.
机译：检查了来自世界各地的14种蝙蝠的总共30个标本的螺旋肠中的Rhthbothriideans。这些包括Taeniura抓片，Dasyatis margaritella和Dasyatis sp。来自塞内加尔的，来自佛罗里达州的Dasyatis dipusura和来自墨西哥的Dasyatis dipterura和Dasyatis longa，来自澳大利亚的Himantura jenkinsii，Himantur leoparda，来自中国的Himantura uarnak 2，Urogymnus asperrimus 1和来自澳大利亚的Neotrygon kuhlii 4，以及来自Himantura uarnacoides和Neotrygonne kuhlii 1的人。这些中的每一个都寄养一种或多种花头虫。十一头类中的十尾虫是一门新科学。四个代表描述的物种。另外，来自哥斯达黎加的Urotrygon aspidura寄养了一种埃希伯氏菌。可以使用足够的材料来正式描述以下八种无头孢属：A. decrisantisorum n.。 sp。，A. healyae n。 sp。，A. jensenae n。 sp。，A. mattisi n。 sp。，A. meadowsi n。 sp。，A. odonnellae n。 sp。，A. papefayi n。 sp。和A. philruschi n。 sp。这些物种与它们描述的九种同类动物不同，特别是在后孔领域，以及在生殖器的肌肉方面，它们的总体大小，前列腺突和边缘位置的数目，睾丸的数目和排列，顶吸盘大小，卵黄囊的排列和分布毛孔。为了适应这些新物种，对原虫的诊断稍作修改。先前描述的4种炭疽属物种，此处描述的7种新的炭疽属物种的材料，3种未描述的炭疽属物种的种和Escherbothrium的物种保存在95％的乙醇中，并保留了部分28S rDNA（D1-D3），并生成了完整的18S rDNA序列数据从头开始这些数据与GenBank的Ancephalcephalum cf的数据相结合。中心（以下称为A. mattisi n。sp。）和29个物种，代表其他12个假定的Rhththbothriidean属。采用贝叶斯推断和最大似然法进行的系统发育分析，总共使用了Lecanicephalidea，Cathetocephalidea和“ Tetraphyllidea”的五个代表。分析得出的树木大体上是一致的，并且支持莱茵莱茵菌的四个主要亚群的存在。为每个进化枝建立了家族名称。 Echeneibothriidae已从亚科升至家庭，以容纳Echeneibothrium和Pseudanthobothrium。该家族在将根尖器官（作为支气管）保留到成年方面是独特的。 bo科从亚科被提升到家庭级别，以适应由横纹杆菌属，莱茵Rhine属，莱茵类拟杆菌，杜鹃花属，S和滑囊藻组成的群体。这个家庭的特点是缺乏根尖吸盘，并且对球虫的前/后方向明确。头虫科家族建立以前的作者将头颅和分类群称为新属1，新属2和新属4的地方。其成员的虹膜畸形表现出明显的前/后方向，这是由于存在顶端吸盘所致。此外，它的成员带有边缘性耳腔或一排或多排的面部耳腔和卵黄卵泡，通常被卵巢打断。埃希氏杆菌科家族建立它的目的是为了容纳Escherbothrium和以前的作者确定为New Genus 3的分类单元。

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