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Smallpox and its eradication in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Lessons learned

机译：天花及其在刚果民主共和国的根除：经验教训

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Smallpox eradication is considered to be one of the most remarkable accomplishments of the 20th century. Lessons learned from the campaign during the 1960s and 1970s in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) can provide important information for the development of other eradication programs including polio. The DRC is the third largest country in Africa; the population suffers from extreme poverty, deteriorating infrastructure and health systems, and long periods of civil strife. Despite these challenges, DRC's smallpox eradication campaign was successful, eradicating smallpox only 41 months after initiation. DRC had been polio free since 2001; however, in 2006, imported cases were identified in the country. Polio transmission has since been re-established and DRC now has the second greatest number of reported polio cases in the world. Challenges which existed during the smallpox campaign in DRC are still present today; additionally, the polio vaccine itself poses unique challenges which include requiring multiple doses to confer immunity. In the fight against polio in DRC, it will be important to draw from the smallpox eradication experience. A number of important themes emerged during the campaign that could be beneficial to eradicating polio and future eradication programs that may follow. During the smallpox campaign, a standard vaccination program was implemented, surveillance was intensified, and there were strong collaborative programs with community involvement. These successful elementsof the smallpox campaign should be adapted and applied in DRC in polio eradication programs.
机译：根除天花被认为是20世纪最杰出的成就之一。从1960年代和1970年代在刚果民主共和国（DRC）的运动中汲取的经验教训可以为制定包括小儿麻痹症在内的其他根除计划提供重要信息。刚果民主共和国是非洲第三大国家;人口遭受极端贫困，基础设施和卫生系统恶化以及长期内乱的困扰。尽管面临这些挑战，刚果民主共和国的根除天花运动还是成功的，仅在开始接种后41个月就根除了天花。自2001年以来，刚果民主共和国一直没有脊髓灰质炎;但是，2006年，该国发现了进口病例。此后，脊髓灰质炎的传播得以重新建立，而刚果（金）现在已成为世界上报告的第二大脊髓灰质炎病例。今天，在刚果民主共和国的天花运动期间仍然存在挑战。此外，脊髓灰质炎疫苗本身也面临着独特的挑战，其中包括需要多次剂量才能赋予免疫力。在刚果民主共和国与小儿麻痹症的斗争中，借鉴天花根除经验非常重要。在竞选期间出现了许多重要的主题，这些主题可能有助于消除小儿麻痹症和可能的后续消灭计划。在天花运动期间，实施了标准的疫苗接种计划，加强了监督，并且有社区参与的强有力的协作计划。天花运动的这些成功要素应在脊髓灰质炎根除计划中加以调整并应用于刚果民主共和国。

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