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Current issues with the immunization program in Japan: Can we fill the 'vaccine gap'?

机译：日本免疫计划的当前问题：我们可以填补“疫苗缺口”吗？

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The "vaccine gap" is a term which has been used in Japan to indicate that the current immunization program is behind compared to the programs in other developed countries. The current national immunization program (NIP) which was established under the Japanese Immunization Law includes only six vaccines (eight targeted diseases), and the rest of available vaccines have been categorized as voluntary vaccines, which require out-of-pocket expense in order for the patients to receive them. This has led the vaccination rates for the voluntary vaccines remaining low, and the incidence of the target diseases remaining high. In addition, there are a few domestic rules that exist for immunizations including (1) subcutaneous injection is the standard method of vaccination, (2) the thigh is not considered to be the common site of vaccination in infants, and (3) the intervals of administration of inactivated and live vaccines are strictly determined by law. Along with the "vaccine gap" and the domestic rules, some movements to improve our current NIP are underway; including increased calls to change the NIP from civilians and professionals, the establishment of a group by the representatives from 13 medical professional societies asking the government to consider the immunization policy a "national policy" and seeking the establishment of a new and reorganized national immunization technical advisory group (NITAG). In addition, the Vaccination Subcommittee of Health Sciences Council was formed in the government to reform the current Immunization Law and NIP, which established a new national program for three voluntary vaccines funded by a temporary budget. We hope these new movements will fill the "vaccine gap" and that the NITAG will help ensure that vaccine policy becomes a national policy, and will provide necessary vaccinations without out-of-pocket expense to protect children in Japan from vaccine preventable diseases
机译：“疫苗缺口”是在日本使用的一个术语，表示与其他发达国家的疫苗接种计划相比，当前的疫苗接种计划落后了。根据《日本免疫法》制定的当前国家免疫计划（NIP）仅包含六种疫苗（八种针对性疾病），其余可用疫苗已归类为自愿疫苗，需要自付费用才能获得病人接受他们。这导致自愿疫苗的疫苗接种率仍然很低，而目标疾病的发生率却很高。此外，目前有一些国内免疫接种规定，包括：（1）皮下注射是标准的疫苗接种方法;（2）大腿不被视为婴儿的常见疫苗接种地点;（3）间隔时间灭活疫苗和活疫苗的给药方式由法律严格确定。除了“疫苗缺口”和国内法规外，一些改善我们当前国家实施计划的举措正在进行中。包括呼吁从平民和专业人员中改变国家实施计划（NIP），来自13个医学专业协会的代表成立了一个小组，要求政府将免疫政策视为一项“国家政策”，并寻求建立新的和经过重组的国家免疫技术咨询小组（NITAG）。此外，政府还成立了卫生科学理事会疫苗接种小组委员会，以改革现行的《免疫法》和《国家实施计划》，该计划针对由临时预算资助的三种自愿性疫苗建立了新的国家计划。我们希望这些新动向将填补“疫苗空白”，NITAG将帮助确保疫苗政策成为一项国家政策，并提供无费用的必要疫苗接种，以保护日本的儿童免受疫苗可预防的疾病的侵害。

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