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An assessment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Shigella vaccine candidates for infants and children

机译：评估婴儿和儿童的产肠毒素大肠杆菌和志贺氏菌疫苗

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Despite improvements to water quality, sanitation, and the implementation of current prevention and treatment interventions, diarrhea remains a major cause of illness and death, especially among children less than five years of age in the developing world. Rotavirus vaccines have already begun making a real impact on diarrhea, but several more enteric vaccines will be necessary to achieve broader reductions of illness and death. Among the many causes of diarrheal disease, enterotoxigenic Escherichia colt (ETEC) and Shigella are the two most important bacterial pathogens for which there are no currently licensed vaccines. Vaccines against these two pathogens could greatly reduce the impact of disease caused by these infections. This review describes the approaches to ETEC and Shigella vaccines that are currently under development, including a range of both cellular and subunit approaches for each pathogen. In addition, the review discusses strategies for maximizing the potential benefit of these vaccines, which includes the feasibility of co-administration, consolidation, and combination of vaccine candidates, as well as issues related to effective administration of enteric vaccines to infants. Recent impact studies indicate that ETEC and Shigella vaccines could significantly benefit global public health. Either vaccine, particularly if they could be combined together or with another enteric vaccine, would be an extremely valuable tool for saving lives and promoting the health of infants and children in the developing world, as well as potentially providing protection to travelers and military personnel visiting endemic areas. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：尽管改善了水质，改善了卫生条件，并实施了当前的预防和治疗措施，但腹泻仍然是疾病和死亡的主要原因，尤其是在发展中国家五岁以下的儿童中。轮状病毒疫苗已经开始对腹泻产生真正的影响，但是还需要更多种肠溶疫苗才能更广泛地减少疾病和死亡。在导致腹泻的许多原因中，产肠毒素的大肠埃希氏菌（ETEC）和志贺氏菌是两种最重要的细菌病原体，目前尚无许可的疫苗。针对这两种病原体的疫苗可以大大减少由这些感染引起的疾病的影响。这篇综述描述了目前正在开发的ETEC和志贺氏菌疫苗的方法，包括针对每种病原体的一系列细胞和亚基方法。此外，本文还讨论了最大化这些疫苗潜在利益的策略，包括共同施用，合并和组合候选疫苗的可行性，以及与向婴儿有效施用肠溶疫苗有关的问题。最近的影响研究表明，ETEC和志贺氏菌疫苗可以极大地有益于全球公共卫生。两种疫苗，特别是如果可以与其他肠溶疫苗联合使用，都将是挽救生命并促进发展中国家婴儿和儿童健康的极有价值的工具，并有可能为来访的旅行者和军事人员提供保护流行地区。 （C）2014 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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