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Age-dependent immune responses and immune protection after avian coronavirus vaccination

机译：禽冠状病毒疫苗接种后的年龄依赖性免疫反应和免疫保护

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Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an endemic disease of chickens and a major contributor to economic losses for the poultry industry despite vaccination. Recent observations indicated that chicks may have an immature immune system immediately after hatching when vaccinated for IBV. Therefore we hypothesized that early IBV vaccination will generate an immature, poorly protective IBV-specific immune response contributing to immune escape and persistence of IBV. To test this hypothesis the IBV-specific immune response and immune protection were measured in chicks vaccinated at different ages. This demonstrated a delayed production of IgG and IgA plasma antibodies in the 1,7 and 14-day-old vaccination groups and also lower IgA antibody levels were observed in plasma of the 1-day-old group. Similar observations were made for antibodies in tears. In addition, IgG antibodies from the 1-day-old group had lower avidity indices than day 28 vaccinated birds. The delayed and/or lower antibody response combined with lower IgG avidity indices coincided with increased tracheal inflammation and depletion of tracheal epithelia cells and goblet cells upon IBV field strain challenge. The lack of vaccine-mediated protection was most pronounced in the 1-day-old vaccination group and to a lesser extent the 7-day-old group, while the 14-day-old and older chickens were protected. These data strongly support IBV vaccination after day 7 post hatch. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）是鸡的地方病，尽管接种了疫苗，但仍是造成家禽业经济损失的主要因素。最近的观察表明，雏鸡在接种IBV疫苗后孵化后可能具有不成熟的免疫系统。因此，我们假设早期的IBV疫苗接种会产生不成熟，保护性较差的IBV特异性免疫反应，从而导致IBV的免疫逃逸和持久性。为了检验该假设，在不同年龄接种的雏鸡中测量了IBV特异性免疫反应和免疫保护。这表明在1,7日龄和14天龄的疫苗接种组中IgG和IgA血浆抗体的生产延迟，并且在1天龄的血浆中观察到了较低的IgA抗体水平。对于眼泪中的抗体也进行了类似的观察。此外，来自1天龄组的IgG抗体的亲和力指数低于接种28天的鸡。 IBV田间病毒株攻击后，延迟和/或较低的抗体应答与较低的IgG亲和力指数相伴的是气管炎症增加，气管上皮细胞和杯状细胞消耗减少。在1天龄的疫苗接种组中最明显的缺乏疫苗介导的保护，而在7天龄的疫苗接种组中较少受到保护，而14天龄和更大龄的鸡受到了保护。这些数据强烈支持孵化后第7天进行IBV疫苗接种。 （c）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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