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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry >Biofortification and Localization of Zinc in Wheat Grain
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Biofortification and Localization of Zinc in Wheat Grain

机译：小麦籽粒中锌的生物强化和定位

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Zinc (Zn) deficiency associated with low dietary intake is a well-documented public health problem, resulting in serious health and socioeconomic problems. Field experiments were conducted with wheat to test the role of both soil and foliar application of ZnSO4 in Zn concentration of whole grain and grain fractions (e.g., bran, embtyo and endosperm) in 3 locations. Foliar application of ZnSO4 was realized at different growth stages (e.g., stem elongation, boot, milk, dough stages) to study the effect of timing of foliar Zn application on grain Zn concentration. The rate of foliar Zn application at each growth stage was 4 kg of ZnSO4·7H2O ha~(-1). Laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS was used to follow the localization of Zn within grain. Soil Zn application at a rate of 50 kg of ZnSO4·7H2O ha~(-1) was effective in increasing grain Zn concentration in the Zn-deficient location, but not in the locations without soil Zn deficiency. In all locations, foliar application of Zn significantly increased Zn concentration in whole grain and in each grain fraction, particularly in the case of high soil N fertilization. In Zn-deficient location, grain Zn concentration increased from 11 mg kg~(-1) to 22 mg kg~(-1) with foliar Zn application and to 27 mg kg~(-1) with a combined application of ZnSO4 to soil and foliar. In locations without soil Zn deficiency, combination of high N application with two times foliar Zn application (e.g., at the booting and milk stages) increased grain Zn concentration, on average, from 28 mg kg~(-1) to 58 mg kg~(-1). Both ICP-OES and LA-ICP-MS data showed that the increase in Zn concentration of whole grain and grain fractions was pronounced when Zn was sprayed at the late growth stage (e.g., milk and dough). LA-ICP-MS data also indicated that Zn was transported into endosperm through the crease phloem. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the timing of foliar Zn application is of great importance in increasing grain Zn in wheat, especially in the endosperm part that is the predominant grain fraction consumed in many countries. Providing a large pool of Zn in vegetative tissues during the grain filling (e.g., via foliar Zn spray) is an important practice to increase grain Zn and contribute to human nutrition.
机译：与低饮食摄入量相关的锌（Zn）缺乏是有据可查的公共卫生问题，导致严重的健康和社会经济问题。用小麦进行了田间试验，以测试土壤和叶面施用ZnSO4在3个位置的全谷物和谷物级分（例如麸皮，胚芽和胚乳）的锌浓度中的作用。在不同的生长阶段（例如茎伸长，靴子，牛奶，面团阶段）实现了ZnSO4的叶面施用，以研究叶面施锌时间对籽粒Zn浓度的影响。在每个生长阶段叶面锌的施用量为4 kg ZnSO4·7H2O ha〜（-1）。激光烧蚀（LA）-ICP-MS用于跟踪锌在晶粒内的定位。以ZnSO4·7H2O ha〜（-1）50 kg的比例施用土壤Zn可以有效地增加缺锌地区的籽粒Zn浓度，但对于没有土壤缺锌的地区无效。在所有位置，叶面施用Zn均可显着提高全谷物和每个谷物级分中的Zn浓度，特别是在土壤氮肥水平较高的情况下。在缺锌地区，叶面施用锌可将谷物中的锌浓度从11 mg kg〜（-1）增加到22 mg kg〜（-1），将ZnSO4联合施用至土壤时可增加到27 mg kg〜（-1）。和叶面。在没有土壤锌缺乏的地区，高氮施用和叶面两次施用锌的结合（例如在孕穗期和牛奶阶段），使谷物锌的平均浓度从28 mg kg〜（-1）增加到58 mg kg〜 （-1）。 ICP-OES和LA-ICP-MS数据均表明，在生长后期（例如牛奶和面团）喷锌时，全谷物和谷物级分中锌浓度的增加明显。 LA-ICP-MS数据还表明，锌通过折痕韧皮部转运到胚乳中。据我们所知，这是第一项表明叶面施用锌的时间对增加小麦中锌含量（特别是在许多国家消耗的主要谷物部分的胚乳部分）中至关重要的研究。在谷物填充期间（例如通过叶面喷锌）在营养组织中提供大量的锌是增加谷物锌并有助于人类营养的重要实践。

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