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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry >Mycologkal Analysis and Multimycotoxins in Maize from Rural Subsistence Farmers in the Former Transkei, South Africa
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Mycologkal Analysis and Multimycotoxins in Maize from Rural Subsistence Farmers in the Former Transkei, South Africa

机译：南非前特兰斯凯州农村自给农民的玉米中真菌基因分析和多真菌毒素

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Maize harvested in the Centane region of the former Transkei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, by subsistence farmers has been shown over many seasons to be contaminated with fumonisin mycotoxins. However, there are limited data on the presence of other mycotoxins. Two multimycotoxin LC-MS/MS methods were applied to good and moldy maize samples, as separated by the farmers themselves from the 2011 harvest. One method involved extract cleanup on multitoxin immunoaffinity columns before LC-MS/MS analysis for aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The other method was based on a "dilute-and-shoot" approach for the above mycotoxins and a wide range of other fungal secondary metabolites. Both methods showed high incidences of fumonisins B1 and B2 (FBl and FB2) in good maize (100% for both by the first method, means were 2083 and 927 μg/kg for the two analogues; 93% for both by the second method, positive means of 2764 and 1050 μg/kg, respectively). All samples of moldy maize were contaminated (mean FB1 of 27.64 and 35.98 mg/kg, respectively; mean FB2 of 10.58 and 14.14 mg/kg, respectively). Comparison of the two methods for FB1 and FB2 over the entire range of samples gave R~2 values 0.9144 and 0.8859, respectively. Low levels of DON were found by both methods (positive means of 12 and 4.7 μg/kg in good maize, respectively, and of 14 and 5.8 μg/kg in moldy maize, respectively). ZEN was determined with positive means of 108 and 25 μg/kg in good maize, respectively, and of 111 and 135 μg/ kg in moldy maize, respectively. No aflatoxins, OTA, or T-2 or HT-2 toxins were detected. A wide range of other Fusarium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Penicillium mycotoxins and secondary metabolites were determined.
机译：自给自足的农民在南非东开普省前特兰斯凯的Centane地区收获的玉米，在许多季节都显示出伏马菌素霉菌毒素污染了玉米。但是，关于其他真菌毒素存在的数据有限。两种多霉菌毒素LC-MS / MS方法应用于良好和发霉的玉米样品，由农民自己从2011年收成中分离出来。一种方法涉及在LC-MS / MS分析黄曲霉毒素，伏马毒素，脱氧雪茄烯醇（DON），玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）以及T-2和HT-2毒素之前，在多毒素免疫亲和柱上纯化提取物。另一种方法基于上述真菌毒素和多种其他真菌次生代谢物的“稀释并射击”方法。两种方法均显示好玉米中的伏马菌素B1和B2（FB1和FB2）发生率很高（第一种方法均为100％，两种类似物的平均值分别为2083和927μg/ kg;第二种方法均为93％分别为2764和1050μg/ kg的阳性平均值）。所有发霉玉米样品均被污染（平均FB1分别为27.64和35.98 mg / kg;平均FB2分别为10.58和14.14 mg / kg）。在整个样本范围内对FB1和FB2的两种方法进行比较，得出R〜2值分别为0.9144和0.8859。两种方法均发现较低的DON水平（好玉米的正平均值分别为12和4.7μg/ kg，发霉玉米的正平均值分别为14和5.8μg/ kg）。在好玉米中，分别以108和25μg/ kg的阳性平均值测定，在发霉玉米中分别以111和135μg/ kg的阳性平均值测定ZEN。未检测到黄曲霉毒素，OTA或T-2或HT-2毒素。确定了多种其他镰刀菌，曲霉，链霉菌和青霉霉菌毒素和次生代谢产物。

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