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Influence of the filler type on the rupture behavior of filled elastomers

机译：填充剂类型对填充弹性体断裂行为的影响

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This work is devoted to the rupture behavior of elastomers filled with carbon black (CB) or silica. Two elastomers have been studied: one which crystallizes under strain, natural rubber (NR), and another one which does not crystallize, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). The study of the crack propagation of Single Edge Notched specimen (SENT) during stretching at different speeds focuses on the crack initiation and crack deviation phenomenon. This deviation is of main importance in the materials crack resistance as it leads to a large increase in the energy needed for rupture. The deviation in filled or unfilled NR is controlled by crystallization, which is a slow process. In unfilled SBR, deviation is controlled by polymer chain orientation, which is hindered by relaxation mechanisms. The introduction of fillers promotes strain amplification, and strain anisotropy in the crack tip region of the notched samples, and therefore crack deviation. In term of energy density at break of the SBR composites, the SBR filled with silica treated with a covering agent is the most efficient. Thus, a weak interface between the silica and SBR promotes better rupture properties. When comparing Silica and CB filled NR, the highest strain energy to rupture is also obtained with silica. This might be due to the weaker filler-matrix interface for silica. Thus, these results evidence the kinetic aspect of the rupture, and of the mechanisms it involves: the polymer relaxation, the crystallization (for NR), and the filler-matrix interaction and decohesion, all of them being strongly interrelated.
机译：这项工作致力于填充炭黑（CB）或二氧化硅的弹性体的断裂行为。已经研究了两种弹性体：一种在应变下结晶的天然橡胶（NR），另一种不会结晶的苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶（SBR）。单边缺口试样在不同速度拉伸过程中的裂纹扩展研究主要集中在裂纹萌生和裂纹偏离现象上。这种偏差对材料的抗裂性至关重要，因为它导致破裂所需的能量大大增加。填充或未填充NR的偏差是通过结晶控制的，这是一个缓慢的过程。在未填充的SBR中，偏差是由聚合物链的取向控制的，而聚合物链的取向会受到松弛机制的阻碍。填充剂的引入促进了缺口样品的裂纹尖端区域中的应变放大和应变各向异性，从而促进了裂纹偏差。就SBR复合材料的断裂能量密度而言，填充有用覆盖剂处理过的二氧化硅的SBR是最有效的。因此，二氧化硅和SBR之间的弱界面促进了更好的断裂性能。当比较二氧化硅和CB填充的NR时，使用二氧化硅也可以获得最高的破裂能。这可能是由于二氧化硅的填料-基质界面较弱。因此，这些结果证明了破裂的动力学方面及其涉及的机制：聚合物松弛，结晶（对于NR）以及填料-基体相互作用和脱粘，它们都是紧密相关的。

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