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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Cell Science >Small molecules, big roles - the chemical manipulation of stem cell fate and somatic cell reprogramming
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Small molecules, big roles - the chemical manipulation of stem cell fate and somatic cell reprogramming

机译：小分子，大作用-干细胞命运的化学处理和体细胞重编程

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摘要

Despite the great potential of stem cells for basic research and clinical applications, obstacles - such as their scarce availability and difficulty in controlling their fate - need to be addressed to fully realize their potential. Recent achievements of cellular reprogramming have enabled the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or other lineage-committed cells from more accessible and abundant somatic cell types by defined genetic factors. However, serious concerns remain about the efficiency and safety of current genetic approaches to cell reprogramming and traditional culture systems that are used for stem cell maintenance. As a complementary approach, small molecules that target specific signaling pathways, epigenetic processes and other cellular processes offer powerful tools for manipulating cell fate to a desired outcome. A growing number of small molecules have been identified to maintain the self-renewal potential of stem cells, to induce lineage differentiation and to facilitate reprogramming by increasing the efficiency of reprogramming or by replacing genetic reprogramming factors. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations of the effects of these chemicals also provide new biological insights. Here, we examine recent achievements in the maintenance of stem cells, including pluripotent and lineagespecific stem cells, and in the control of cell fate conversions, including iPSC reprogramming, conversion of primed to na?ve pluripotency, and transdifferentiation, with an emphasis on manipulation with small molecules. ? 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.
机译：尽管干细胞在基础研究和临床应用中具有巨大的潜力，但仍需要解决一些障碍，例如其稀缺的可用性和难以控制命运的障碍，以充分发挥其潜力。细胞重编程的最新成就使得能够通过确定的遗传因素从更易接近和丰富的体细胞类型中生成诱导性多能干细胞（iPSC）或其他谱系定型细胞。但是，对于目前的细胞重编程遗传方法和用于干细胞维持的传统培养系统的效率和安全性仍然存在严重的担忧。作为一种补充方法，靶向特定信号传导途径，表观遗传过程和其他细胞过程的小分子提供了强大的工具，可将细胞命运控制在所需的结果上。已经发现越来越多的小分子可以维持干细胞的自我更新潜能，诱导谱系分化并通过增加重编程效率或替代基因重编程因子来促进重编程。此外，对这些化学物质作用的机械研究也提供了新的生物学见解。在这里，我们研究了在维持干细胞（包括多能和谱系特异性干细胞）以及控制细胞命运的转化（包括iPSC重编程，初免的多能性转化和转分化）方面的最新成就，重点是操纵与小分子。 ？ 2012年。由生物学家公司出版。

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