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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Cumulative ozone effect on canopy stomatal resistance and the impact on boundary layer dynamics and CO_2 assimilation at the diurnal scale: A case study for grassland in the Netherlands
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Cumulative ozone effect on canopy stomatal resistance and the impact on boundary layer dynamics and CO_2 assimilation at the diurnal scale: A case study for grassland in the Netherlands

机译：臭氧对冠层气孔阻力的累积影响及其对边界层动力学和CO_2同化的日尺度影响：以荷兰草地为例

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Biological, chemical, and dynamical processes occurring at the surface strongly interact at diurnal scales. Therefore, this study examines the seasonal ozone impact on stomatal resistance, surface energy balance, boundary layer dynamics, and CO_2 assimilation at this (sub)diurnal scale under changing conditions. We combine a seasonal canopy resistance module with a surface-boundary layer model that solves the diurnal evolution of dynamical and chemical variables in a well-mixed, convective boundary layer. The model is constrained with observations from Cabauw (Netherlands) for the dry year 2003, representing a well-mixed boundary layer at midlatitudes over water-stressed grassland. To quantify the ozone impact, the Cumulative Uptake of Ozone is calculated over a growing season, which gives an estimate of the reduction in stomatal aperture and photosynthesis. From a sensitivity analysis with mixed-layer temperature and soil moisture content we conclude that drought is the dominant factor that determines the surface energy partitioning and limits CO_2 assimilation. Although drought causes stomatal closure, the results indicate that ozone damage, nevertheless, occurs. A second sensitivity analysis with CO_2 and ozone shows that ozone damage causes an increase in stomatal resistance of up to 40% under high ozone levels and that CO_2-induced stomatal closure limits ozone damage. The impact on boundary layer development through the effect of CO_2 and ozone on the stomatal resistance is much smaller. At the diurnal scale soil moisture influences the surface energy partitioning, which affects the entrainment of ozone-rich air. Due to ozone damage, the CO_2 assimilation flux is reduced by about 15%.
机译：发生在地表的生物，化学和动力学过程在昼夜尺度上强烈相互作用。因此，本研究在变化的条件下研究了季节性臭氧对这个（亚）日尺度下气孔阻力，表面能平衡，边界层动力学和CO_2同化的影响。我们将季节性冠层阻力模块与表面边界层模型相结合，该模型解决了在高度混合的对流边界层中动力和化学变量的日变化。该模型受2003年干旱年份Cabauw（荷兰）的观测值的约束，代表了缺水草原上中纬度的混合边界层。为了量化对臭氧的影响，需要计算一个生长季节的臭氧累积吸收量，从而估算出气孔孔径和光合作用的减少。通过对混合层温度和土壤水分含量的敏感性分析，我们得出结论，干旱是决定表面能分配并限制CO_2同化的主要因素。尽管干旱导致气孔关闭，但结果表明仍然发生了臭氧破坏。对CO_2和臭氧的第二次敏感性分析表明，在高臭氧水平下，臭氧破坏会导致气孔阻力增加多达40％，并且CO_2诱导的气孔关闭限制了臭氧的破坏。通过CO_2和臭氧对气孔阻力的影响，对边界层发育的影响要小得多。在昼夜尺度上，土壤水分会影响表面能的分配，从而影响富含臭氧的空气的夹带。由于臭氧的破坏，CO_2同化通量减少了约15％。

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