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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans
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Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans

机译：淡水及其在北极海洋系统中的作用：北极和全球海洋的来源，处置，储存，出口以及物理和生物地球化学后果

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The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system's key functions and processes: (1) the delivery of fresh and low-salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during the freeze/thaw cycle, and Pacific Ocean inflows; (2) the disposition (e.g., sources, pathways, and storage) of freshwater components within the Arctic Ocean; and (3) the release and export of freshwater components into the bordering convective domains of the North Atlantic. We then examine physical, chemical, or biological processes which are influenced or constrained by the local quantities and geochemical qualities of freshwater; these include stratification and vertical mixing, ocean heat flux, nutrient supply, primary production, ocean acidification, and biogeochemical cycling. Internal to the Arctic the joint effects of sea ice decline and hydrological cycle intensification have strengthened coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere (e.g., wind and ice drift stresses, solar radiation, and heat and moisture exchange), the bordering drainage basins(e.g., river discharge, sediment transport, and erosion), and terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., Arctic greening, dissolved and particulate carbon loading, and altered phenology of biotic components). External to the Arctic freshwater export acts as both a constraint to and a necessary ingredient for deep convection in the bordering subarctic gyres and thus affects the global thermohaline circulation. Geochemical fingerprints attained within the Arctic Ocean are likewise exported into the neighboring subarctic systems and beyond. Finally, we discuss observed and modeled functions and changes in this system on seasonal, annual, and decadal time scales and discussmechanisms that link themarine systemto atmospheric, terrestrial, and cryospheric systems.
机译：北冰洋是全球水文循环和海洋热盐环流的基本节点。我们在此评估该系统的关键功能和过程：（1）通过河流入流，净降水，冻融循环中的蒸馏以及太平洋入流向​​北冰洋输送淡水和低盐度水; （2）北冰洋内淡水成分的布置（例如来源，途径和储存）; （3）将淡水成分释放并出口到北大西洋的对流区域。然后，我们研究受淡水的本地量和地球化学质量影响或约束的物理，化学或生物过程;这些包括分层和垂直混合，海洋热通量，营养供应，初级生产，海洋酸化和生物地球化学循环。在北极内部，海冰下降和水文循环加剧的共同作用加强了海洋与大气（例如风和冰的漂移应力，太阳辐射以及热与湿交换）之间的耦合，例如，河流排放，沉积物运输和侵蚀）以及陆地生态系统（例如北极绿化，溶解的碳和颗粒碳负荷以及生物成分的物候变化）。北极淡水出口的外部既是毗邻的北极亚弧回旋的约束，又是深对流的必要成分，因此影响了全球热盐环流。在北冰洋获得的地球化学指纹也同样被输出到邻近的亚北极系统之外。最后，我们讨论了该系统在季节，年度和十年时间尺度上的观测和建模功能以及变化，并讨论了将海洋系统与大气，陆地和冰冻圈系统联系起来的机制。

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