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首页> 外文期刊>Current directions in psychological science: a journal of the American Psychological Society >Do Pigeons Gamble? I Wouldn't Bet Against It
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Do Pigeons Gamble? I Wouldn't Bet Against It

机译：鸽子会赌博吗？我不会反对

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摘要

Human gambling generally involves suboptimal choice because the expected return is usually less than the investment. We have found that animals, too, choose suboptimally under similar choice conditions. Pigeons, like human gamblers, show an impaired ability to objectively assess overall probabilities and amounts of reinforcement when a rare, high-value outcome (analogous to a jackpot in human gambling) is presented in the context of more frequently occurring losses. More specifically, pigeons prefer a low-probability, high-reward outcome over a guaranteed low-reward outcome with a higher overall value. Furthermore, manipulations assumed to increase impulsivity (pigeons maintained at higher levels of motivation for food and pigeons housed in individual cages) result in increased suboptimal choice. They do so presumably because they function to increase attraction to the signal for the low-probability, high-reward outcomes rather than consider the more global probability of reinforcement associated with each alternative.
机译：人类赌博通常涉及次优选择，因为预期收益通常小于投资。我们已经发现，动物在相似的选择条件下也选择次优。像人类赌徒一样，鸽子表现出的客观评估总体机率和增强能力的能力也会受到损害，而这种情况往往是在损失频发的情况下出现的，罕见的，高价值的结果（类似于人类赌博中的头奖）。更具体地说，鸽子更喜欢低概率，高回报的结果，而不是总价值更高的保证低回报的结果。此外，假定增加冲动性的操作（将鸽子保持在单独笼子中的食物和鸽子保持较高的动力水平）会导致次优选择的增加。他们之所以这样做，可能是因为它们的作用是为低概率，高回报的结果增加对信号的吸引力，而不是考虑与每个替代方案相关的更全面的强化可能性。

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