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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Molecular Biology >Innate antiviral immune signaling, viral evasion and modulation by HIV-1
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Innate antiviral immune signaling, viral evasion and modulation by HIV-1

机译：先天性抗病毒免疫信号，HIV-1的病毒逃逸和调控

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The intracellular innate antiviral response in human cells is an essential component of immunity against virus infection. As obligate intracellular parasites, all viruses must evade the actions of the host cell's innate immune response in order to replicate and persist. Innate immunity is induced when pathogen recognition receptors of the host cell sense viral products including nucleic acid as "non-self". This process induces downstream signaling through adaptor proteins to activate latent transcription factors that drive the expression of genes encoding antiviral and immune modulatory effector proteins that restrict virus replication and regulate adaptive immunity. The interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are transcription factors that play major roles in innate immunity. In particular, IRF3 is activated in response to infection by a range of viruses including RNA viruses, DNA viruses and retroviruses. Among these viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a major global health problem mediating chronic infection in millions of people wherein recent studies show that viral persistence is linked with the ability of the virus to dysregulate and evade the innate immune response. In this review, we discuss viral pathogen sensing, innate immune signaling pathways and effectors that respond to viral infection, the role of IRF3 in these processes and how it is regulated by pathogenic viruses. We present a contemporary overview of the interplay between HIV-1 and innate immunity, with a focus on understanding how innate immune control impacts infection outcome and disease.
机译：人细胞中的细胞内先天抗病毒反应是抵抗病毒感染的免疫力的重要组成部分。作为专性细胞内寄生虫，所有病毒都必须规避宿主细胞先天免疫应答的作用，以便复制并持久存在。当宿主细胞的病原体识别受体将病毒产物（包括核酸）感知为“非自身”时，就会诱导先天免疫。该过程通过衔接蛋白诱导下游信号传导，以激活潜在的转录因子，从而驱动编码抗病毒和免疫调节效应蛋白的基因表达，从而抑制病毒复制并调节适应性免疫。干扰素调节因子（IRF）是在先天免疫中起主要作用的转录因子。特别是，IRF3响应多种病毒（包括RNA病毒，DNA病毒和逆转录病毒）的感染而被激活。在这些病毒中，人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）仍然是介导数百万人慢性感染的主要全球健康问题，其中最近的研究表明，病毒的持久性与病毒失调和逃避先天免疫反应的能力有关。 。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了病毒病原体的感应，对病毒感染有反应的先天性免疫信号传导途径和效应器，IRF3在这些过程中的作用以及病原性病毒如何对其进行调控。我们目前对HIV-1和先天免疫之间相互作用的概述，重点是了解先天免疫控制如何影响感染结果和疾病。

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