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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Retinal cross talk in the mammalian visual system
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Retinal cross talk in the mammalian visual system

机译：哺乳动物视觉系统中的视网膜相声

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The existence and functional relevance of efferent optic nerve fibers in mammals have long been debated. While anatomical evidence for cortico-retinal and retino-retinal projections is substantial, physiological evidence is lacking, as efferent fibers are few in number and are severed in studies of excised retinal tissue. Here we show that interocular connections contribute to retinal bioelectrical activity in adult mammals. Full-field flash electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from one or both eyes of Brown-Norway rats under dark-adapted (n = 16) and light-adapted (n = 11) conditions. Flashes were confined to each eye by an opaque tube that blocked stray light. Monocular flashes evoked a small (5-15 mu V) signal in the nonilluminated eye, which was named "crossed ERG" (xERG). The xERG began under dark-adapted conditions with a positive (xP1) wave that peaked at 70-90 ms and ended with slower negative (xN1) and positive (xP2) waves from 200 to 400 ms. xN1 was absent under light-adapted conditions. Injection of tetrodotoxin in either eye (n = 15) eliminated the xERG. Intraocular pressure elevation of the illuminated eye (n = 6) had the same effect. The treatments also altered the ERG b-wave in both eyes, and the alterations correlated with xERG disappearance. Optic nerve stimulation (n = 3) elicited a biphasic compound action potential in the nonstimulated nerve with 10- to 13-ms latency, implying that the xERG comes from slow-conducting (W type) fibers. Monocular dye application (n = 7) confirmed the presence of retino-retinal ganglion cells in adult rats. We conclude that mammalian eyes communicate directly with each other via a handful of optic nerve fibers. The cross talk alters retinal activity in rats, and perhaps other animals.
机译：哺乳动物传出的视神经纤维的存在及其功能相关性一直存在争议。尽管皮质-视网膜和视网膜-视网膜投影的解剖学证据是充分的，但是缺乏生理学证据，因为传出纤维的数量很少并且在切除的视网膜组织的研究中被切断。在这里，我们显示眼内连接有助于成年哺乳动物的视网膜生物电活动。在暗适应（n = 16）和轻适应（n = 11）的情况下，从Brown-Norway大鼠的一只或两只眼睛记录了全场闪光视网膜电图（ERG）。闪烁是由不透明的管子挡住了每只眼睛，该管子阻挡了杂散光。单眼闪光灯在不发光的眼睛中引起一个小的信号（5-15μV），被称为“交叉ERG”（xERG）。 xERG在暗适应条件下以在70-90 ms达到峰值的正（xP1）波开始，并以200至400 ms的较慢的负（xN1）和正（xP2）波结束。在光线适应条件下不存在xN1。在每只眼睛（n = 15）中注射河豚毒素消除了xERG。受照眼睛的眼内压升高（n = 6）具有相同的效果。这些治疗方法还改变了两只眼睛的ERG b波，这些改变与xERG消失有关。视神经刺激（n = 3）在未刺激的神经中引起了双相复合动作电位，潜伏时间为10到13毫秒，这表明xERG来自慢导（W型）纤维。单眼染料的应用（n = 7）证实成年大鼠存在视网膜-视网膜神经节细胞。我们得出的结论是，哺乳动物的眼睛通过少数视神经纤维彼此直接交流。串扰会改变大鼠甚至其他动物的视网膜活动。

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