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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Physiology and anatomy of neurons in the medial superior olive of the mouse
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Physiology and anatomy of neurons in the medial superior olive of the mouse

机译：小鼠内侧上橄榄神经元的生理和解剖

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In mammals with good low-frequency hearing, the medial superior olive (MSO) computes sound location by comparing differences in the arrival time of a sound at each ear, called interaural time disparities (ITDs). Low-frequency sounds are not reflected by the head, and therefore level differences and spectral cues are minimal or absent, leaving ITDs as the only cue for sound localization. Although mammals with high-frequency hearing and small heads (e.g., bats, mice) barely experience ITDs, the MSO is still present in these animals. Yet, aside from studies in specialized bats, in which the MSO appears to serve functions other than ITD processing, it has not been studied in small mammals that do not hear low frequencies. Here we describe neurons in the mouse brain stem that share prominent anatomical, morphological, and physiological properties with the MSO in species known to use ITDs for sound localization. However, these neurons also deviate in some important aspects from the typical MSO, including a less refined arrangement of cell bodies, dendrites, and synaptic inputs. In vitro, the vast majority of neurons exhibited a single, onset action potential in response to suprathreshold depolarization. This spiking pattern is typical of MSO neurons in other species and is generated from a complement of K(v)1, K(v)3, and I-H currents. In vivo, mouse MSO neurons show bilateral excitatory and inhibitory tuning as well as an improvement in temporal acuity of spiking during bilateral acoustic stimulation. The combination of classical MSO features like those observed in gerbils with more unique features similar to those observed in bats and opossums make the mouse MSO an interesting model for exploiting genetic tools to test hypotheses about the molecular mechanisms and evolution of ITD processing.
机译：在低频听力良好的哺乳动物中，上橄榄叶内侧（MSO）通过比较声音在每只耳朵上到达时间的差异（称为耳间时间差异（ITD））来计算声音位置。低频声音不会被头部反射，因此电平差异和频谱提示极少或不存在，从而使ITD成为声音定位的唯一提示。尽管具有高频听力且头部较小的哺乳动物（例如蝙蝠，小鼠）几乎没有ITD，但这些动物中仍存在MSO。但是，除了在专门的蝙蝠研究中，MSO似乎还具有ITD处理以外的功能，还没有在听不到低频的小型哺乳动物中进行过研究。在这里，我们描述了小鼠脑干中的神经元，这些神经元与已知使用ITD进行声音定位的物种中的MSO具有突出的解剖，形态和生理特性。但是，这些神经元在一些重要方面也偏离了典型的MSO，包括细胞体，树突和突触输入的精简排列。在体外，绝大多数神经元表现出对阈上去极化的单一的，起效的动作电位。这种尖峰模式是其他物种中MSO神经元的典型特征，是由K（v）1，K（v）3和I-H电流的补体产生的。在体内，小鼠MSO神经元表现出双侧兴奋性和抑制性调谐，以及双侧声刺激过程中突触时态敏锐度的提高。经典的MSO功能（如在沙鼠中观察到的特征）与类似于蝙蝠和负鼠的特征更独特的特征相结合，使小鼠MSO成为利用遗传工具测试有关ITD加工的分子机制和进化假设的有趣模型。

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