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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Enhanced attentional gain as a mechanism for generalized perceptual learning in human visual cortex
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Enhanced attentional gain as a mechanism for generalized perceptual learning in human visual cortex

机译：注意力增强作为人类视觉皮层广义知觉学习的一种机制

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Learning to better discriminate a specific visual feature (i.e., a specific orientation in a specific region of space) has been associated with plasticity in early visual areas (sensory modulation) and with improvements in the transmission of sensory information from early visual areas to downstream sensori-motor and decision regions (enhanced readout). However, in many real-world scenarios that require perceptual expertise, observers need to efficiently process numerous exemplars from a broad stimulus class as opposed to just a single stimulus feature. Some previous data suggest that perceptual learning leads to highly specific neural modulations that support the discrimination of specific trained features. However, the extent to which perceptual learning acts to improve the discriminability of a broad class of stimuli via the modulation of sensory responses in human visual cortex remains largely unknown. Here, we used functional MRI and a multivariate analysis method to reconstruct orientation-selective response profiles based on activation patterns in the early visual cortex before and after subjects learned to discriminate small offsets in a set of grating stimuli that were rendered in one of nine possible orientations. Behavioral performance improved across 10 training sessions, and there was a training-related increase in the amplitude of orientation-selective response profiles in V1, V2, and V3 when orientation was task relevant compared with when it was task irrelevant. These results suggest that generalized perceptual learning can lead to modified responses in the early visual cortex in a manner that is suitable for supporting improved discrim-inability of stimuli drawn from a large set of exemplars.
机译：学会更好地区分特定的视觉特征（即空间的特定区域中的特定方向）与早期视觉区域的可塑性（感官调制）有关，并且与从早期视觉区域到下游感官的感觉信息传递的改善有关。运动区和决策区（增强的读数）。但是，在许多需要感知专业知识的现实世界场景中，观察者需要有效地处理来自广泛刺激类的众多示例，而不仅仅是单个刺激功能。先前的一些数据表明，知觉学习导致高度特定的神经调节，从而支持对特定训练特征的区分。然而，知觉学习通过调节人类视觉皮层中的感觉反应来改善广泛类别的刺激的可辨别性的程度仍然是未知的。在这里，我们使用功能性MRI和多变量分析方法，根据受试者学习辨别以九种可能之一绘制的一组光栅刺激中的小偏移量前后，基于早期视觉皮层中的激活模式重建方向选择性响应图。方向。在10个培训课程中，行为表现得到了改善，并且与定向无关的情况与定向无关时，与定向有关的响应在V1，V2和V3中的幅度与训练有关。这些结果表明，广义的知觉学习可以导致早期视觉皮层中的修饰反应，其方式适合于支持从大量示例中获得的刺激的提高的判别能力。

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