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Developmental experience-dependent plasticity in the first synapse of the Drosophila olfactory circuit

机译：果蝇嗅觉回路的第一个突触中依赖于发展经验的可塑性

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Evidence accumulating over the past 15 years soundly refutes the dogma that the Drosophila nervous system is hardwired. The preponderance of studies reveals activity-dependent neural circuit refinement driving optimization of behavioral outputs. We describe developmental, sensory input-dependent plasticity in the brain olfactory antennal lobe, which we term long-term central adaption (LTCA). LTCA is evoked by prolonged exposure to an odorant during the first week of posteclosion life, resulting in a persistently decreased response to aversive odors and an enhanced response to attractive odors. This limited window of early-use, experience-dependent plasticity represents a critical period of olfactory circuit refinement tuned by initial sensory input. Consequent behavioral adaptations have been associated with changes in the output of olfactory projection neurons to higher brain centers. Recent studies have indicated a central role for local interneuron signaling in LTCA presentation. Genetic and molecular analyses have implicated the mRNA-binding fragile X mental retardation protein and ataxin-2 regulators, Notch trans-synaptic signaling, and cAMP signal transduction as core regulatory steps driving LTCA. In this article, we discuss the structural, functional, and behavioral changes associated with LTCA and review our current understanding of the molecular pathways underlying these developmental, experience-dependent changes in the olfactory circuitry.
机译：在过去的15年中积累的证据完全驳斥了果蝇的神经系统是硬连线的教条。大量研究表明，依赖于活动的神经回路细化驱动了行为输出的优化。我们描述了大脑嗅觉触角叶发育，感觉输入依赖的可塑性，我们称其为长期中枢适应（LTCA）。在羽化后生命的第一周内，长时间暴露于香精中可诱发LTCA，从而导致对厌恶气味的响应持续降低，对诱人气味的响应增强。这种有限的早期使用，依赖于经验的可塑性窗口代表了嗅觉回路细化的关键时期，最初的感觉输入会对其进行调节。随之而来的行为适应与嗅觉投射神经元向较高脑中枢的输出变化有关。最近的研究表明，局部中间神经元信号在LTCA表现中起着核心作用。遗传和分子分析已表明，mRNA结合型脆性X智力低下蛋白和紫杉醇2调节剂，Notch反突触信号传导和cAMP信号传导是驱动LTCA的核心调控步骤。在本文中，我们讨论了与LTCA相关的结构，功能和行为变化，并回顾了我们目前对嗅觉回路中这些发育，经验依赖变化的分子途径的理解。

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