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首页> 外文期刊>Current drug abuse reviews. >Drug-related decrease in neuropsychological functions of abstinent drug users.
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Drug-related decrease in neuropsychological functions of abstinent drug users.

机译：与药物相关的禁酒者神经心理功能的下降。

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This article reviews neuropsychological performance in frequent users of cocaine, (meth)amphetamines, ecstasy, opiates, alcohol, and cannabis. We searched the scientific literature published in the last five years, focusing on studies that required at least 2 weeks of abstinence from drug use, and included a control group. All substances of abuse, except cannabis, were associated with sustained deficits in executive functioning, especially inhibition. In addition, verbal memory decrements were consistently found in cocaine, (meth)amphetamines and ecstasy users, but not in heroin or cannabis users. More specific executive functioning deficits were reported depending on the substance of abuse. Cocaine was associated with diminished cognitive flexibility, whereas (meth)amphetamines were associated with worse cognitive planning functions compared to controls. Opiate studies showed lower scores on verbal fluency in opiate dependent subjects compared to controls. Working memory and visuospatial abilities were compromised in alcohol abusers. In ecstasy users, inconsistent findings have been reported across neuropsychological domains, with the exception of inhibition and verbal memory. There was little evidence for sustained cognitive impairments in adult abstinent cannabis users. Recognition of neuropsychological problems related to different substances can help to select subjects that will benefit most from treatment. Furthermore, a better understanding of the neuropsychological impairments in drug abusing individuals could help to explain the remitting course of substance abuse disorders and to improve psychological interventions.
机译：本文评论了可卡因，（甲基）苯丙胺，摇头丸，鸦片制剂，酒精和大麻经常使用者的神经心理行为。我们检索了过去五年中发表的科学文献，重点研究了需要戒酒至少2周的研究，其中包括对照组。除大麻外，所有滥用药物均与执行功能的持续缺陷有关，尤其是抑制作用。此外，在可卡因，（甲基）苯丙胺和摇头丸使用者中始终发现口头记忆力下降，但在海洛因或大麻使用者中却没有发现。据报告，具体的执行功能缺陷取决于滥用的实质。与对照相比，可卡因与认知柔韧性下降有关，而（甲基）苯丙胺与较差的认知计划功能相关。阿片类药物的研究表明，与对照组相比，鸦片依赖性受试者的口语流利性得分较低。酗酒者的工作记忆和视觉空间能力受到损害。在摇头丸使用者中，除抑制作用和言语记忆外，整个神经心理学领域均报告了不一致的发现。很少有证据表明成人禁酒大麻使用者持续存在认知障碍。认识到与不同物质有关的神经心理学问题可以帮助选择将从治疗中受益最大的受试者。此外，更好地了解药物滥用者的神经心理障碍可以帮助解释药物滥用障碍的发病过程并改善心理干预。

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