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首页> 外文期刊>Earth and Planetary Science Letters: A Letter Journal Devoted to the Development in Time of the Earth and Planetary System >Meteoric water alteration of soil and landscapes at Meridiani Planum, Mars
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Meteoric water alteration of soil and landscapes at Meridiani Planum, Mars

机译：Meridiani Pallum，Mars的土壤和景观的景观景观

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The geomorphology and geochemistry data gathered by the MER Opportunity at Meridiani Planum is a rich data set relevant to soil research on Mars. Many of the data, particularly with respect to outcrops at Victoria Crater, have been only partially analyzed. Here, the previously published geochemical profile of Endurance Crater is compared to that of Victoria Crater, to understand aspects of the post-depositional aqueous and chemical alteration of the Meridiani land surface. The landsurface bears cracking patterns similar to those produced by multiple episodes of wetting and drying in expansive materials on Earth. The geochemical profiles at both craters are nearly identical, suggesting (using mass balance methods) that a very chemically homogenous sedimentary deposit has been engulfed by the apparent surficial addition of S, Cl, and Br (and associated cations) since exposure to the atmosphere. The chemistry and mineralogy at both locations is one where the most insoluble of the added components resides near the land surface (Ca sulfates), and the more soluble components are concentrated at greater depths in a vertical pattern consistent with their solubility in water. The profiles, when compared to those on Earth (and to physical constraints), are most similar those generated by the downward movement of meteoric water. When this aqueous alteration and soil formation occurred is not well constrained, but the processes occurred between late Noachian (?) to late Amazonian times. The exposure of the Victoria crater walls, which occurred likely less than 10(7) y ago (late Amazonian), shows the accumulation of dust as well as evidence for aqueous concentration of NaBr and/or CaBr, possibly by deliquescence. By direct comparison to Earth, the regional soil at Meridiani Planum is a Typic Petrogypsid (a sulfate cemented arid soil), bearing similarities to very ancient soils formed in the Atacama Desert of Chile. The amount of water required to produce the soils ranges from a
机译：Meridiani Pallum的Mer机会收集的地貌和地球化学数据是与火星的土壤研究相关的丰富数据集。许多数据，特别是在维多利亚火山口的露头均已部分分析。在这里，以前公布的耐力陨石坑的地球化学轮廓与维多利亚火山口的耐受性，以了解沉积后含水和化学改变的各种含水和化学改变。 Landsurface承受了与在地球上膨胀材料中的多次润湿和干燥产生的裂缝模式。两个陨石坑的地球化学曲线几乎相同，表明（使用质量平衡方法），即非常化学均匀的沉积沉积沉积物被S，Cl和Br（以及相关阳离子）的表观曲线添加，因为由于暴露于大气。两个位置的化学和矿物质是最不溶性组分所在的焊盘表面（Ca硫酸盐）附近的化学和矿物质，并且在与水中的溶解度一致的垂直图案中，更可溶的组分在更大的水中浓缩。与地球上的（和物理约束）相比，曲线最常相似的是由气象的向下运动产生的。当这种水性改变和土壤形成发生时不受很大限制，但该过程发生在晚Noachian（？）到晚期的亚马逊时间。维多利亚火山口墙的曝光可能少于10（7）以前（已故的亚马逊），显示了灰尘的积累以及含有潮解的NaBr和/或CABR的含量。通过直接与地球进行比较，Meridiani Pallum的区域土壤是典型的浮子虫（硫酸盐干旱的土壤），与智利阿塔卡马沙漠中形成的非常古老的土壤相似。产生土壤所需的水量来自a

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