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Urbanization impact on residential energy consumption in China: the roles of income, urbanization level, and urban density

机译：城市化对中国住宅能源消费的影响：收入，城市化水平和城市密度的作用

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This paper investigated the impact of urbanization on residential energy consumption (REC) in China by taking cognizance of the levels of income, urbanization and urban density. Threshold analyses were employed to investigate the nonlinear relationships based on the STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) framework using a balanced panel dataset of 29 provinces of China over the period of 1998-2014. The common correlated effects mean group estimator (CCEMG) was used to address time-series cross-section (TSCS) issues. The results confirmed the existence of the nonlinear relationship between urbanization and REC in China. The impact of urbanization on REC varied at different economic development levels and urbanization levels. Specifically, urbanization decreased REC at the stage that per capita disposable income of urban residents (PDI) less than 2615 USD, while it increased REC at the stage that PDI higher than 2615 USD. Similarly, urbanization decreased REC at the stage that urbanization rate lower than 55.31% and increased REC after urbanization rate exceeded 55.31%. This study did not find evidence to support the urban environmental transition theory, indicating there was still no region in China had stepped into the win-win stage of urbanization and energy consumption. Furthermore, the nonlinear impact of urban density on REC was estimated and the results indicated that urban density exerted a positive effect on REC when urban density was lower than 808 inhabitants per square kilometer, while it was no longer relevant to REC after that threshold point. Based on these results, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to achieve low-carbon urbanization were put forward.
机译：本文通过认识到收入，城市化和城市密度水平，调查了城市化对中国住宅能源消费（REC）的影响。使用阈值分析来研究基于芯片的非线性关系（通过在1998 - 2014年期间使用29个省份的平衡面板数据集进行烤棒（富尔斯，富裕和技术）框架的框架。共同相关效果均值组估计器（CCEMG）用于解决时间序列横截面（TSCS）问题。结果证实了中国城市化与中国的非线性关系存在。城市化对勘探的影响在不同的经济发展水平和城市化水平上变化。具体而言，城市化在舞台上涨，城市居民的人均可支配收入（PDI）低于2615美元，而PDI高于2615美元的舞台上涨。同样，城市化在阶段下降，城市化率低于55.31％，在城市化率超过55.31％后的休息增加。本研究没有找到支持城市环境过渡理论的证据，表明中国仍然没有地区已经进入城市化和能源消耗的双赢阶段。此外，估计城市密度对城市密度的非线性影响，结果表明，当城市密度低于每平方公里的808名居民时，城市密度施加了积极影响，而在该阈值之后不再与REC相关。基于这些结果，提出了实现低碳城市化的相应对策和建议。

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