Observations and Modeling of the Mars Low‐Altitude Ionospheric Response to the 10 September 2017 X‐Class Solar Flare

Xu Shaosui; Thiemann Ed; Mitchell David; Eparvier Frank; Pawlowski David; Benna Mehdi; Andersson Laila; Liemohn Michael W.; Bougher Stephen; Mazelle Christian

摘要

Abstract > Solar extreme ultraviolet and X‐ray photons are the main sources of ionization in the Martian ionosphere and can be enhanced significantly during a solar flare. On 10 September 2017, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN orbiter observed an X8.2 solar flare, the largest it has encountered to date. Here we investigate the ionospheric response before, during, and after this event with the SuperThermal Electron Transport model. We find good agreement between modeled and measured photoelectron spectra. In addition, the high photoelectron fluxes during the flare provide adequate statistics to allow us to clearly and repeatedly identify the carbon Auger peak in the ionospheric photoelectron energy spectra at Mars for the first time. By applying photochemical equilibrium, O <mat:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:grl:media:grl57692:grl57692-math-0001" wiley:location="equation/grl57692-math-0001.png"> <mat:msubsup> <mat:mrow/> <mat:mrow> <mat:mn>2</mat:mn> </mat:mrow> <mat:mrow> <mat:mo>+</mat:mo> </mat:mrow> </mat:msubsup> </mat:math> and CO <mat:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:grl:media:grl57692:grl57692-math-0002" wiley:location="equation/grl57692-math-0002.png"> <mat:msubsup> <mat:mrow/> <mat:mrow> <mat:mn>2</mat:mn> </mat:mrow> <mat:mrow> <mat:mo>+</mat:mo> </mat:mrow> </mat:msubsup> </mat:math> densities are obtained and compared with Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN observations. The variations in ion densities during this event due to the solar irradiance enhancement and the neutral atmosphere expansion are discussed. </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“main”XML：Lang =“en”XML：ID =“GRL57692-ABS-ABS-0001”> <标题类型=“MAIN”> Abstract </ Title> <P>太阳极端紫外线和X射线光子是火星电离层中电离的主要源，在太阳耀斑期间可以显着提高。 2017年9月10日，火星氛围和挥发性演进轨道观察了X8.2太阳耀斑，最大的历史最大。在这里，我们以高温电子传输模型在此事件之前，期间和之后研究电离层响应。我们在建模和测量的光电子谱之间找到了良好的一致性。此外，耀斑期间的高光电通量提供了足够的统计数据，使我们首次在火星上清楚地识别电离层光电能量光谱中的碳螺旋峰峰。通过应用光化学均衡，O <MAT：数学显示=“内联”Altimg =“URN：X-Wiley：GRL：Media：GRL57692：GRL57692-Math-0001”Wiley：Location =“等式/ GRL57692-Math-0001.png “> <MAT：MSUBSUP> <MAT：MROW /> <MAT：MROW> <MAT：MN> 2 </ MAT：MN> </ MAT：MROW> <MAD：MROW> <MAT：MO> + </垫：mo> </ mat：mrow> </ mat：msubsup> </ mat：math>和co <mat：math display =“内联”altimg =“urn：x-wiley：grl：media：grl57692-grl57692-math -0002" 威利：位置= “方程/ grl57692-数学0002.png”> <垫：msubsup> <垫：MROW /> <垫：MROW> <垫：MN> 2 </垫：MN> </垫：Mrow> <MAT：MROW> <MAD：MO> + </ MAT：MO> </ MAT：MROW> </ MAT：MSUBSUP> </ MAT：数学> MATH>与MARS氛围和挥发性的进化观察相比。讨论了由于太阳辐照度增强和中性气氛扩展而导致的离子密度的变化。 </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-23539/'>《Geophysical Research Letters》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第15期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共9页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Xu Shaosui&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Xu Shaosui;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Thiemann Ed&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Thiemann Ed;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Mitchell David&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Mitchell David;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Eparvier Frank&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Eparvier Frank;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Pawlowski David&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Pawlowski David;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Benna Mehdi&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Benna Mehdi;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Andersson Laila&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Andersson Laila;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Liemohn Michael W.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Liemohn Michael W.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Bougher Stephen&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Bougher Stephen;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Mazelle Christian&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Mazelle Christian;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Space Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley CA USA;</p> <p>Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado BoulderCO Boulder USA;</p> <p>Space Sciences LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley CA USA;</p> <p>Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado BoulderCO Boulder USA;</p> <p>Physics DepartmentEastern Michigan UniversityYpsilanti MI USA;</p> <p>NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbelt MD USA;</p> <p>Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado BoulderCO Boulder USA;</p> <p>Department of Climate and Space Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor MI USA;</p> <p>Department of Climate and Space Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor MI USA;</p> <p>IRAPCNRS‐University of Toulouse‐UPS‐CNESToulouse France;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=ionospheric response&option=203" rel="nofollow">ionospheric response;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=solar flare&option=203" rel="nofollow">solar flare;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Mars&option=203" rel="nofollow">Mars;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=photoelectrons&option=203" rel="nofollow">photoelectrons;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=ion densities&option=203" rel="nofollow">ion densities;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=carbon Auger electrons&option=203" rel="nofollow">carbon Auger electrons;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：电离层反应;太阳耀斑;火星;光电子;离子密度;碳螺旋钻电子; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704019850715.html">Observations and Modeling of the Mars Low‐Altitude Ionospheric Response to the 10 September 2017 X‐Class Solar Flare</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Xu Shaosui&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Xu Shaosui,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Thiemann Ed&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Thiemann Ed,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Mitchell 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PLANET MEANS, AND 'SOLAR ECLIPSE WHERE SUN HIDES EARTH OR GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE' OBSERVATION/SIGHTSEENG PLANET MEANS, MARS WARMING MEANS, JUPITER WARMING MEANS, TELESCOPIC PLANET MEANS, MAGNETIC FIELD OBSERVATION PLANET MEANS, EARTH MAGNETIC FIELD OBSERVATION PLANET MEANS, INNER GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE MEANS OF SAME REVOLUTION ANGULAR VELOCITY TYPE, OUTER GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE MEANS OF SAME REVOLUTION ANGULAR VELOCITY TYPE, 'EARTH ECLIPSE WHERE MOON HIDES EARTH' OBSERVATION/SIGHTSEENG SATELLITE MEANS, SPACE COMMUNICATION MEANS BETWEEN HIDDEN SIDE OF MOON AND EARTH, INNER STATIONARY CELESTIAL BODY MEANS OF SAME REVOLUTION ANGULAR VELOCITY TYPE, OUTER STATIONARY CELESTIAL BODY MEANS OF SAME REVOLUTION ANGULAR VELOCITY TYPE, LIGHT TRANSMISSIVE QUANTITY CONTR</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  JP2001001997A </span> <span> . 2001-01-09</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: 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