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首页> 外文期刊>Forest Ecology and Management >Tamm review: The effects of prescribed fire on wildfire regimes and impacts: A framework for comparison
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Tamm review: The effects of prescribed fire on wildfire regimes and impacts: A framework for comparison

机译：TAMM综述：规定的火对野火制度的影响和影响：比较框架

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Prescribed fire can result in significant benefits to ecosystems and society. Examples include improved wildlife habitat, enhanced biodiversity, reduced threat of destructive wildfire, and enhanced ecosystem resilience. Prescribed fire can also come with costs, such as reduced air quality and impacts to fire sensitive species. To plan for appropriate use of prescribed fire, managers need information on the tradeoffs between prescribed fire and wildfire regimes. In this study, we argue that information on tradeoffs should be presented at spatial and temporal scales commensurate with the scales at which these processes occur and that simulation modeling exercises should include some realistic measure of wildfire probability. To that end, we synthesized available scientific literature on relationships between prescribed fire and wildfire regimes, and their associated ecological and societal effects, focusing specifically on simulation modeling studies that consider wildfire probability and empirical and modeling studies that consider prescribed fire and wildfire regimes at spatial and temporal scales beyond individual events. Both empirical and modeling studies overwhelmingly show that increasing use of prescribed fire can result in wildfire regimes of lower extent and intensity. In some studies, a consequence associated with increased use of prescribed fire is an increase in the total, cumulative amount of fire on a landscape over time. Presumably this has implications for emissions and ecosystem carbon, however, effects on ecosystem carbon dynamics are much less clear as results vary considerably across studies. Results likely vary because studies use various landscape models with different parameter settings for processes (e.g., vegetation succession) and use different methodologies, time frames, and fire management and climate change scenarios. Future syntheses and meta-analyses would benefit from researchers providing more comprehensive and transparent documentation of model parameters, assumptions, and limitations. The literature review also revealed that studies on the implications of prescribed fire and wildfire regimes with regard to values other than carbon and emissions are scant and this represents a critical research need. Empirical studies are needed to calibrate and provide magnitude of order comparisons with simulation models and address tradeoffs with respect to other values (e.g., wildland urban interface, wildlife habitat). Such studies should be conducted with consideration for our framework, which includes the implications of prescribed fire and wildfire across broad spatial and temporal scales.
机译：规定的火灾可能导致生态系统和社会的显着效益。例子包括改善的野生动物栖息地，增强的生物多样性，减少破坏性野火的威胁，增强了生态系统的弹性。规定的火也可以获得成本，例如降低空气质量和对火敏物种的影响。为了计划适当使用规定的火，管理人员需要有关规定的火灾和野火制度之间的权衡的信息。在这项研究中，我们认为关于权衡的信息应在空间和时间尺度上呈现，与这些过程发生的尺度相称，并且模拟建模练习应包括一些现实的野火概率衡量标准。为此，我们综合了关于规定的火灾和野火制度之间的关系的可用科学文献，以及他们相关的生态和社会效应，专注于考虑野火概率和实证和建模研究，以考虑在空间的规定的火灾和野火制度考虑规定的概率和实证建模研究和超出各个事件的时间尺度。经验和建模研究绝大多数表明，增加规定的火灾的使用可能导致野火制度降低和强度。在一些研究中，与规定的火灾的增加相关的后果是随着时间的推移景观中的总累积量的总量增加。据推测，这对排放和生态系统碳具有影响，然而，随着研究结果跨越研究的结果，对生态系统碳动力学的影响得多明显。结果可能会有所不同，因为研究使用具有不同参数设置的各种景观模型，用于工艺（例如，植被连续），并使用不同的方法，时间框架和火灾管理和气候变化情景。未来的合成和Meta分析将受益于研究人员提供更全面和透明的模型参数，假设和限制文件。文献综述还透露，关于规定的火灾和野火制度关于除碳和排放以外的价值的影响的研究是狭隘的，这代表了一个关键的研究需求。需要经验研究来校准，并提供与模拟模型的订单比较数量，以及关于其他价值观的地址权衡（例如，荒地城市界面，野生动物栖息地）。应考虑到我们的框架进行此类研究，其中包括规定的火灾和野火在广泛的空间和颞尺度上的影响。

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