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Detection of ultra-low protein concentrations with the simplest possible field effect transistor

机译：用最简单的场效应晶体管检测超低蛋白质浓度

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摘要

Silicon nanowire (Si NW) sensors have attracted great attention due to their ability to provide fast, low-cost, label-free, real-time detection of chemical and biological species. Usually configured as field effect transistors (FETs), they have already demonstrated remarkable sensitivity with high selectivity (through appropriate functionalisation) towards a large number of analytes in both liquid and gas phases. Despite these excellent results, Si NW FET sensors have not yet been successfully employed to detect single molecules of either a chemical or biological target species. Here we show that sensors based on silicon junctionless nanowire transistors (JNTs), the simplest possible transistors, are capable of detecting the protein streptavidin at a concentration as low as 580 zM closely approaching the single molecule level. This ultrahigh detection sensitivity is due to the intrinsic advantages of junctionless devices over conventional FETs. Apart from their superior functionality, JNTs are much easier to fabricate by standard microelectronic processes than transistors containing p-n junctions. The ability of JNT sensors to detect ultra-low concentrations (in the zeptomolar range) of target species, and their potential for low-cost mass production, will permit their deployment in numerous environments, including life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, pharmacology, product safety, environmental monitoring and security.
机译：硅纳米线（硅NW）传感器已经由于其为客户提供快捷的能力引起了极大的关注，低成本，无标签，实时的化学和生物物质的检测。通常构造为朝向液体和气体相的大量分析物具有高选择性的场效应晶体管（FET），它们已经表现出非凡的灵敏度（通过适当的官能化）。尽管有这些良好的结果，硅NW FET传感器尚未成功地用于检测化学或生物目标物种的单个分子。在这里，我们表明，基于硅的无结纳米线晶体管（JNTs），最简单的可能的晶体管传感器，能够在浓度低至检测蛋白链霉580 ZM密切接近单分子水平。这种超高的检测灵敏度是由于比常规FET的无结器件的固有的优点。除了其优越的功能，JNTs是通过标准的微电子工艺比含p-n结晶体管制造容易得多。 JNT传感器的目标物种的检测超低浓度（在zeptomolar范围内）的能力，以及他们对低成本大量生产潜力，将允许在许多环境中的部署，包括生命科学，生物技术，医学，药理学，产品安全，环境监测和安全性。

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