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Low temperature solid-state wetting and formation of nanowelds in silver nanowires

机译：低温固态润湿和银纳米线中纳米线的形成

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This article focuses on the microscopic mechanism of thermally induced nanoweld formation between silver nanowires (AgNWs) which is a key process for improving electrical conductivity in NW networks employed for transparent electrodes. Focused ion beam sectioning and transmission electron microscopy were applied in order to elucidate the atomic structure of a welded NW including measurement of the wetting contact angle and characterization of defect structure with atomic accuracy, which provides fundamental information on the welding mechanism. Crystal lattice strain, obtained by direct evaluation of atomic column displacements in high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images, was shown to be non-uniform among the five twin segments of the AgNW pentagonal structure. It was found that the pentagonal cross-sectional morphology of AgNWs has a dominant effect on the formation of nanowelds by controlling initial wetting as well as diffusion of Ag atoms between the NWs. Due to complete solid-state wetting, at an angle of similar to 4.8 degrees, the welding process starts with homoepitaxial nucleation of an initial Ag layer on (100) surface facets, considered to have an infinitely large radius of curvature. However, the strong driving force for this process due to the Gibbs-Thomson effect, requires the NW contact to occur through the corner of the pentagonal cross-section of the second NW providing a small radius of curvature. After the initial layer is formed, the welded zone continues to grow and extends out epitaxially to the neighboring twin segments.
机译：本文侧重于热诱导的纳米线（AGNW）之间的热诱导的纳米线形成的微观机理，这是用于改善用于透明电极的NW网络中的导电性的关键方法。施加聚焦离子束切片和透射电子显微镜，以阐明焊接NW的原子结构，包括测量润湿接触角的测量和具有原子精度的缺陷结构的表征，这提供了关于焊接机构的基本信息。通过直接评估高分辨率扫描透射电子显微镜图像中的原子柱位移而获得的晶格菌株，在AgNW五角形结构的五个双段中被显示为不均匀。结果发现，通过控制初始润湿以及NWS之间的Ag原子的扩散，对AgnW的五边形横截面形态对纳米线的形成具有显着效果。由于完全固态润湿，以类似于4.8度的角度，焊接过程从（100）表面刻面上的初始Ag层的同性端成核开始，被认为具有无限大的曲率半径。然而，由于Gibbs-Thomson效应，这种过程的强大驱动力，需要通过第二NW的五边形横截面的拐点来发生NW接触，从而提供小的曲率半径。在形成初始层之后，焊接区域继续生长并且外延延伸到相邻的双段。

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