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Study of structural properties and defects of Ni-doped SnO2 nanorods as ethanol gas sensors

机译：基于乙醇气体传感器的Ni掺杂SnO2纳米棒结构性能及缺陷的研究

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An ethanol gas sensor with enhanced sensor response was fabricated using Ni-doped SnO2 nanorods, synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. It was found that the response (R = R-0/R-g) of a 5.0 mol% Ni-doped SnO2 (5.0Ni:SnO2) nanorod sensor was 1.4 x 10(4) for 1000 ppm C2H5OH gas, which is about 13 times higher than that of pure SnO2 nanorods, (1.1 x 10(3)) at the operating temperature of 450 degrees C. Moreover, for 50 ppm C2H5OH gas, the 5.0Ni:SnO2 nanorod sensor still recorded a significant response reading, namely 2.0 x 10(3) with a response time of 30 s and recovery time of 10 min. To investigate the effect of Ni dopant (0.5-5.0 mol%) on SnO2 nanorods, structural characterizations were demonstrated using field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer. XRD results confirmed that all the samples consisted of tetragonal-shaped rutile SnO2 nanorods. It was found that the average diameter and length of the nanorods formed in 5.0Ni:SnO2 were four times smaller (similar to 6 and similar to 35 nm, respectively) than those of the nanorods formed in pure SnO2 (similar to 25 and 150 nm). Interestingly, both samples had the same aspect ratio, similar to 6. It is proposed that the high response of the 5.0Ni:SnO2 nanorod sensor can be attributed to the particle size, which causes an increase in the thickness of the charge depletion layer, and the presence of oxygen vacancies within the matrix of SnO2 nanorods.
机译：具有增强的传感器响应的乙醇气体传感器是使用Ni-掺杂SnO2纳米棒，通过一个简单的水热法合成制造。据发现，所述响应（R = R-0 / RG）5.0摩尔％的Ni掺杂的SnO 2（5.0Ni：的SnO 2）纳米棒传感器为1.4×10（4），用于为1000ppm C2H5OH气体，这是约13倍比在450摄氏度的工作温度。此外，为50ppm的C2H5OH气体纯的SnO 2纳米棒，（1.1×10（3））的越高，5.0Ni：的SnO2纳米棒传感器仍然记录在显著响应读数，即2.0× 10（3）以30秒的响应时间和10分钟的恢复时间。为了研究对SnO2纳米棒镍掺杂剂（0.5-5.0摩尔％）的影响，结构表征使用场发射扫描电子显微镜，高分辨率的透射电子显微镜，傅里叶变换红外光谱，X射线衍射（XRD）分析证实， X射线光电子光谱和紫外可见光谱仪。 X射线衍射结果证实，所有的样品由四方状金红石型的SnO2纳米棒的。结果发现，形成于5.0Ni纳米棒的平均直径和长度：的SnO2均较纳米棒的形成在纯的SnO2小四倍（分别类似于图6和类似至35nm，）（类似于25和150纳米）。有趣的是，两个样品都具有相同的纵横比，类似于6.建议的是，5.0Ni的高响应：的SnO2纳米棒传感器可以归因于颗粒尺寸，这会导致在电荷耗尽层的厚度的增加，和氧空位的SnO2纳米棒的基质中的存在。

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