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首页> 外文期刊>Nature reviews Cancer >Biodegradation of humic substances by microscopic filamentous fungi: chromatographic and spectroscopic proxies
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Biodegradation of humic substances by microscopic filamentous fungi: chromatographic and spectroscopic proxies

机译：微观丝状真菌的腐殖质生物降解：色谱和光谱代理

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PurposeThe study of interactions between humic substances (HSs) and soil filamentous fungi is the key to understanding the sustainable soil functioning. The present work aims to examine the decomposition of HSs by filamentous dark-pigmented fungus Alternaria alternata under the laboratory conditions and to determine the effect of easily assimilable organic carbon on this process. Analyzing such polydisperse substances like HSs by a complex integrated methodology makes it possible to explore the data on their decomposition by microorganisms.Materials and methodsTo achieve the aforementioned goals, we used chromatographic and spectroscopic approaches: low-pressure size-exclusion and hydrophobic interaction chromatography accompanied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. To determine the effect cometabolism conditions produced on HS decomposition, two types of carbon substrates were added to the nutrient media: easily assimilable organic carbon (standard 0.3% or reduced 0.03% sucrose content) and hardly assimilable organic carbon (HSs), as well as their combinations. Five HS samples of different organic matter origin have been inspected: potassium humates (HPs) and humic acids (HAs) from coal, peat, and lignosulfonate. Correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) were calculated for comprehensive data analysis.Results and discussionTransformations of the investigated HSs under fungal cultivation lead to the increase in the low molecular weight fraction, rise of hydrophilic fraction, enlargement of absorbance ratio A(250)/A(365), shortening of the emission wavelength of the humic-type fluorescence, and growth in the fluorescence quantum yield measured with excitation at 355nm. A positive correlation was observed between the accumulation of fungal biomass and the degree of HS decomposition. PCA analysis confirms that the difference in the results of HS decomposition largely depends on the sucrose content and the nature of HSs. We divided all the HS samples into four groups according to the degree of HS decomposition: original HS solutions, HPs altered using fungal cultivation at 0.03% sucrose, HAs after fungal cultivation at 0.03% sucrose, and finally, HSs (both HPs and HAs) after fungal cultivation at 0.3% sucrose.ConclusionsIn the laboratory experiments, we showed that (1) the isolated HAs were more effectively degraded than the parent HPs, and this process was more pronounced at a reduced sucrose content, and (2) the decomposition of stable organic compounds (HSs) was activated by the easily assimilable carbon sources (especially 0.3% sucrose) being present. We assume that it is the easily assimilable organic carbon that most likely triggers the HS degradation working as the priming effect in natural environments.
机译：目的研究腐殖质物质（HSS）和土壤丝状真菌之间的相互作用是了解可持续土壤功能的关键。本作者旨在在实验室条件下检查HSS的分解，并在实验室条件下，确定易于可分化的有机碳对该过程的影响。通过复杂的综合方法分析如HSS等多分散物质使得可以通过微生物探讨它们的分解数据。材料和方法实现上述目标，我们使用色谱和光谱方法：低压尺寸排除和疏水相互作用色谱伴随通过吸收和荧光光谱。为了确定HS分解产生的效果Cometabolism条件，将两种类型的碳基材加入到营养培养基中：易于可分化的有机碳（标准0.3％或减少0.03％蔗糖含量），以及难以可分化的有机碳（HSS），以及他们的组合。已经检查了五种不同有机物质的样本：幼氢（HPS）和腐殖酸（具有）来自煤，泥炭和木质素磺酸盐。相关矩阵和主成分分析（PCA）进行综合数据分析。在真菌培养下调查HSS的结果和讨论可转化导致低分子量分数，亲水性分数的升高，吸光度率扩大A（250） / a（365），缩短腐殖液型荧光的发光波长，并在355nm激发中测量荧光量子产率的生长。在真菌生物量积累和HS分解程度之间观察到阳性相关性。 PCA分析证实，HS分解结果的差异大大取决于蔗糖含量和HSS的性质。我们将所有HS样品分为四组，根据HS分解程度：原始HS溶液，HPS使用真菌培养改变为0.03％蔗糖，在真菌培养以0.03％蔗糖，最后，HSS（均HPS和HPS）在0.3％蔗糖的真菌培养后。结论实验室实验，我们表明（1）分离的比母HP更有效地降解，并且该方法在减少的蔗糖含量下更加明显，并且（2）的分解通过易于可分化的碳源（特别是0.3％蔗糖）活化稳定的有机化合物（HSS）。我们假设它是易于可分化的有机碳，最有可能触发HS降解作为自然环境中的引发效果的劣化。

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