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首页> 外文期刊>Nature reviews Cancer >Model simulation of ammonium and nitrate aerosols distribution in the Euro-Mediterranean region and their radiative and climatic effects over 1979-2016
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Model simulation of ammonium and nitrate aerosols distribution in the Euro-Mediterranean region and their radiative and climatic effects over 1979-2016

机译：欧元地中海铵和硝酸盐气溶胶分布的模型模拟及1979 - 2016年辐射和气候效应

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摘要

Aerosols play an important role in Europe and the Mediterranean area where different sources of natural and anthropogenic particles are present. Among them ammonium and nitrate (A&N) aerosols may have a growing impact on regional climate. In this study, their representation in coarse and fine modes has been introduced in the prognostic aerosol scheme of the ALADIN-Climate regional model. This new aerosol scheme is evaluated over Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, using two twin simulations over the period 1979-2016 with and without A&N aerosols. This evaluation is performed at local and regional scales, using surface stations and satellite measurements. Despite an overestimate of the surface nitrate concentration, the model is able to reproduce its spatial pattern including local maxima (Benelux, Po Valley). Concerning the simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD), the inclusion of A&N aerosols significantly reduces the model bias compared to both AERONET stations and satellite data. Our results indicate that A&N aerosols can contribute up to 40% of the total AOD(550) over Europe, with an average of 0.07 (550 nm) over the period 2001-2016. Sensitivity studies suggest that biases still present are related to uncertainties associated with the annual cycle of A&N aerosol precursors (ammonia and nitric acid). The decrease in sulfate aerosol production over Europe since 1980 produces more free ammonia in the atmosphere leading to an increase in A&N concentrations over the studied period. Analyses of the different aerosol trends have shown for the first time to our knowledge that, since 2005 over Europe, A&N AOD550 and A&N shortwave (SW) direct radiative forcing (DRF) are found to be higher than sulfate and organics, making these the species with the highest AOD and the highest DRF. On average over the period 1979-2016, the A&N DRF is found to be about -1.7 Wm(-2) at the surface and -1.4 Wm(-2) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) in all sky conditions over Europe, with regional maxima located at the surface over the Po Valley (-5 Wm(-2)). Finally, the dimming effect of A&N aerosols is responsible for a cooling of about -0.2 degrees C over Europe (summer), with a maximum of -04 degrees C over the Po Valley. Concerning precipitation, no significant impact of A&N aerosols has been found.
机译：气溶胶在欧洲和地中海地区发挥着重要作用，其中存在不同的天然和人为颗粒的不同来源。其中铵和硝酸盐（A＆N）气溶胶可能对区域气候产生不断增长的影响。在这项研究中，在阿拉丁气候区域模型的预后气溶胶方案中引入了它们以粗糙和精细模式的表示。这种新的气溶胶计划在欧洲和地中海评估，在1979 - 2016年期间的两个双胞胎模拟，没有A＆N气溶胶。该评估在局部和区域尺度上进行，使用表面站和卫星测量。尽管表面硝酸盐浓度高估，但该模型能够再现其包括局部最大值（Benelux，Po Valley）的空间模式。关于模拟气溶胶光学深度（AOD），与AeroNet站和卫星数据相比，包含A＆N气溶胶的含量显着降低了模型偏差。我们的研究结果表明，A＆N气溶胶可以在2001 - 2016年期间平均促成欧洲总AOD（550）的40％，平均为0.07（550nm）。敏感性研究表明仍存在偏差与与A＆N气溶胶前体（氨和硝酸）的年循环相关的不确定性有关。自1988年以来，欧洲自硫酸盐产生的减少在大气中产生更多的游离氨，导致研究期间的A＆N浓度增加。不同的气溶胶趋势的分析是我们知道的第一次显示，自2005年以来，发现A＆N AOD550和A＆N短波（SW）直接辐射强制（DRF）高于硫酸盐和有机物，使这些物种具有高于硫酸盐和有机物拥有最高AOD和最高的DRF。平均在1979 - 2016年期间，发现A＆N DRF在欧洲所有天空条件下的大气层（TOA）顶部约为-1.7WM（-2），在大气层的顶部，区域最大值位于PO谷的表面（-5瓦米（-2））。最后，A＆N气溶胶的调光效果负责欧洲（夏季）的冷却约-0.2摄氏度，最大-04摄氏度。关于沉淀，已发现A＆N气溶胶的显着影响。

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  • 来源
    《Nature reviews Cancer》 |2019年第6期|共25页
  • 作者

    Druge Thomas; Nabat Pierre; Mallet Marc; Somot Samuel;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Toulouse CNRS Meteo France CNRM Toulouse France;

    Univ Toulouse CNRS Meteo France CNRM Toulouse France;

    Univ Toulouse CNRS Meteo France CNRM Toulouse France;

    Univ Toulouse CNRS Meteo France CNRM Toulouse France;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
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