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Autophagy: The spotlight for cellular stress responses

机译:自噬:蜂窝压力响应的聚光灯

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Abstract Autophagy is an essential cellular mechanism which plays “housekeeping” role in normal physiological processes including removing of long lived, aggregated and misfolded proteins, clearing damaged organelles, growth regulation and aging. Autophagy is also involved in a variety of biological functions like development, cellular differentiation, defense against pathogens and nutritional starvation. The integration of autophagy into these biological functions and other stress responses is determined by the transcriptional factors that undertake the regulatory mechanism. This review discusses the machinery of autophagy, the molecular web that connects autophagy to various stress responses like inflammation, hypoxia, ER stress, and various other pathologic conditions. Defects in autophagy regulation play a central role in number of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, pathogen infection and metabolic diseases. Similarly, inhibiting autophagy would contribute in the treatment of cancer. However, understanding the biology of autophagy regulation requires pharmacologically active compounds which modulate the autophagy process. Inducers of autophagy are currently receiving considerable attention as autophagy upregulation may be a therapeutic benefit for certain neurodegenerative diseases (via removal of protein aggregates) while the inhibitors are being investigated for the treatment of cancers. Both induction and inhibition of autophagy have been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer. This dual role of autophagy in cancers is now getting uncovered by the advancement in the research findings and development of effective autophagy modulators. Graphical abstract Display Omitted
机译:摘要自噬是一种基本的蜂窝机制,在正常生理过程中起着“家务”的作用,包括去除长寿,僵化和错误折叠的蛋白质,清除受损的细胞器,生长调控和衰老。自噬也也参与了各种生物功能,如发育,细胞分化,防御病原体和营养饥饿。自噬整合到这些生物学功能和其他应力响应中由进行调节机制的转录因子确定。本综述讨论了自噬的机械,将自噬与各种应力响应相似的分子网,如炎症,缺氧,ER应力和各种其他病理条件。自噬监管中的缺陷在包括神经退行性疾病,癌症,病原体感染和代谢疾病的疾病数量中起着核心作用。同样,抑制自噬会有助于治疗癌症。然而,了解自噬调节的生物学需要调节自噬过程的药理学活性化合物。自噬的诱导剂目前正在接受相当的关注,因为自噬上调可能是某些神经变性疾病的治疗益处(通过除去蛋白质聚集体),而抑制剂正在研究癌症治疗癌症。已被证明对自噬的诱导和抑制在治疗癌症中是有益的。自噬在癌症中的这种双重作用现在,在研究结果和有效的自噬调制器的发展方面都会发现。省略了图形抽象显示

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