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Understanding and improving assays for cytotoxicity of nanoparticles: what really matters?

机译：对纳米颗粒的细胞毒性的理解和改善测定：真正重要的是什么？

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Despite years of excellent individual studies, the impact of nanoparticle (NP) cytotoxicity studies remains limited by inconsistent data collection and analysis. It is often unclear how exposure conditions can be used to determine cytotoxicity quantitatively. Discrepancies due to using different measurement conditions, readouts and controls to characterize NP interactions with cells lead to further challenges. To examine which parameters are critical in NP cytotoxicity studies, we have chosen to examine two NP types (liposomes and quantum dots) at different concentrations incubated with two primary vascular endothelial cells, HUVEC and HMVEC-C for a standard time of 24 h. We paid close attention to the effects of positive controls and cell association on interpretation of cytotoxicity data. Various cellular responses (ATP content, oxidative stress, mitochondrial toxicity, and phospholipidosis) were measured in parallel. Interestingly, cell association data varied significantly with the different image analyses. However, cytotoxicity responses could all be correlated with exposure concentration. Cell type did have an effect on cytotoxicity reports. Most significantly, NP cytotoxicity results varied with the inclusion or exclusion of positive controls. In the absence of positive controls, one tends to emphasize small changes in cell responses to NPs.
机译：尽管具有多年的个性化研究，但纳米粒子（NP）细胞毒性研究的影响仍然受到数据收集和分析的不一致限制。通常不清楚暴露条件如何定量地测定细胞毒性。由于使用不同的测量条件，读出和控制而差异，以表征与细胞的NP交互导致进一步的挑战。为了检查哪些参数在NP细胞毒性研究中至关重要，我们选择以与两个主要血管内皮细胞，HUVEC和HMVEC-C一起孵育的不同浓度的两种NP类型（脂质体和量子点）进行24小时的标准时间。我们密切关注阳性对照和细胞结合对细胞毒性数据解释的影响。平行测量各种细胞应答（ATP含量，氧化应激，线粒体毒性和磷脂疾病）。有趣的是，细胞关联数据随着不同的图像分析而显着变化。然而，细胞毒性反应均与暴露浓度相关。细胞类型确实对细胞毒性报告产生了影响。最显着的是，NP细胞毒性导致含有或排除阳性对照。在没有阳性对照的情况下，倾向于强调对NPS的细胞反应的少量变化。

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