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Rechargeable aluminum batteries: effects of cations in ionic liquid electrolytes

机译：可充电铝制电池：阳离子在离子液体电解质中的影响

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摘要

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are solvent-free liquids comprised of densely packed cations and anions. The low vapor pressure and low flammability make ILs interesting for electrolytes in batteries. In this work, a new class of ionic liquids were formed for rechargeable aluminum/graphite battery electrolytes by mixing 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium chloride (Py13Cl) with various ratios of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) (AlCl3/Py13Cl molar ratio = 1.4 to 1.7). Fundamental properties of the ionic liquids, including density, viscosity, conductivity, anion concentrations and electrolyte ion percent were investigated and compared with the previously investigated 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC-AlCl3) ionic liquids. The results showed that the Py13Cl-AlCl3 ionic liquid exhibited lower density, higher viscosity and lower conductivity than its EMIC-AlCl3 counterpart. We devised a Raman scattering spectroscopy method probing ILs over a Si substrate, and by using the Si Raman scattering peak for normalization, we quantified speciation including AlCl4-, Al2Cl7-, and larger AlCl3 related species with the general formula (AlCl3)(n) in different IL electrolytes. We found that larger (AlCl3)(n) species existed only in the Py13Cl-AlCl3 system. We propose that the larger cationic size of Py13(+) (142 angstrom(3)) versus EMI+ (118 angstrom(3)) dictated the differences in the chemical and physical properties of the two ionic liquids. Both ionic liquids were used as electrolytes for aluminum-graphite batteries, with the performances of batteries compared. The chloroaluminate anion-graphite charging capacity and cycling stability of the two batteries were similar. The Py13Cl-AlCl3 based battery showed a slightly larger overpotential than EMIC-AlCl3, leading to lower energy efficiency resulting from higher viscosity and lower conductivity. The results here provide fundamental insights into ionic liquid electrolyte design for optimal battery performance.
机译：室温离子液体（RTILS）是由密集包装的阳离子和阴离子组成的无溶剂液体。低蒸气压和低易燃性使ILS对电池中的电解质有趣。在这项工作中，通过将1-甲基-1-丙基吡咯烷鎓氯化铝（PI13Cl）与氯化铝（ALCL3 / PI13CL摩尔比= 1.4至14〜4至14至14至14至14至14至14至14至4.4至），形成新类别的离子液体用于可再充电铝/石墨电池电解质。 1.7）。研究了离子液体的基本性质，包括密度，粘度，导电性，阴离子浓度和电解质离子百分比，并与先前研究的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑（EMIC-ALCL3）离子液体进行比较。结果表明，Py13Cl-AlCl3离子液体呈低密度，较高的粘度和低于其EMIC-ALCL3对应的电导率。我们设计了一种拉曼散射光谱法在Si衬底上探测ILS，并通过使用Si拉曼散射峰进行归一化，我们量化包括AlCl4 - ，Al2Cl7-和较大的AlCl3相关物种，其中通式（ALCL3）（N）在不同的IL电解质中。我们发现较大（ALCL3）（N）种仅存在于Py13Cl-AlCl3系统中。我们提出较大的Py13（+）（142埃（3））的阳离子尺寸与EMI +（118埃（3））决定了两种离子液体的化学和物理性质的差异。两种离子液体都用作铝 - 石墨电池的电解质，电池的性能相比。两种电池的氯铝酸盐膨胀石墨充电容量和循环稳定性是相似的。基于Py13Cl-ALCL3的电池显示出比EMIC-ALCL3略大的过电位，导致较高的粘度和导电率降低导致的能量效率。此处的结果为离子液体电解质设计提供了基本的见解，以获得最佳的电池性能。

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  • 来源
    《RSC Advances》 |2019年第20期|共9页
  • 作者

    Zhu Guanzhou; Angell Michael; Pan Chun-Jern; Lin Meng-Chang; Chen Hui; Huang Chen-Jui; Lin Jinuan; Achazi Andreas J.; Kaghazchi Payam; Hwang Bing-Joe; Dai Hongjie;

  • 作者单位

    Stanford Univ Dept Chem Stanford CA 94305 USA;

    Stanford Univ Dept Chem Stanford CA 94305 USA;

    Stanford Univ Dept Chem Stanford CA 94305 USA;

    Shandong Univ Sci &

    Technol Coll Elect Engn &

    Automat Qingdao 266590 Shandong Peoples R China;

    Shandong Univ Sci &

    Technol Coll Elect Engn &

    Automat Qingdao 266590 Shandong Peoples R China;

    Natl Taiwan Univ Sci &

    Technol Dept Chem Engn Taipei 10607 Taiwan;

    Stanford Univ Dept Chem Stanford CA 94305 USA;

    Free Univ Berlin Phys &

    Theoret Chem Takustr 3 D-14195 Berlin Germany;

    Forschungszentrum Julich Inst Energy &

    Climate Res IEK 1 Mat Synth &

    Proc Wilhelm Johnen Str D-52425 Julich Germany;

    Natl Taiwan Univ Sci &

    Technol Dept Chem Engn Taipei 10607 Taiwan;

    Stanford Univ Dept Chem Stanford CA 94305 USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 化学;
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